1 .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation
2 .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
3 .TH as 1 "29 March 1996" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools"
6 GNU as \- the portable GNU assembler.
11 .RB "[\|" \-a "[\|" dhlns "\|]" \c
16 .RB "[\|" \-\-defsym\ SYM=VAL "\|]"
18 .RB "[\|" \-\-gstabs "\|]"
24 .RB "[\|" \-M\ |\ \-\-mri "\|]"
29 .RB "[\|" \-\-traditional\-format "\|]"
32 .RB "[\|" \-\^\- "\ |\ " \c
38 .RB "[\|" \-ACA "\||\|" \-ACA_A "\||\|" \-ACB\c
39 .RB "\||\|" \-ACC "\||\|" \-AKA "\||\|" \-AKB\c
40 .RB "\||\|" \-AKC "\||\|" \-AMC "\|]"
42 .RB "[\|" \-no-relax "\|]"
44 .I m680x0-only options:
47 .RB "[\|" \-mc68000 "\||\|" \-mc68010 "\||\|" \-mc68020 "\|]"
53 \& is really a family of assemblers.
54 If you use (or have used) the GNU assembler on one architecture, you
55 should find a fairly similar environment when you use it on another
56 architecture. Each version has much in common with the others,
57 including object file formats, most assembler directives (often called
60 \& and assembler syntax.
62 For information on the syntax and pseudo-ops used by GNU \c
71 Using as: The GNU Assembler\c
76 \& is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C
79 \& for use by the linker \c
82 we've tried to make \c
84 \& assemble correctly everything that the native
88 \& always uses the same syntax as another
89 assembler for the same architecture; for example, we know of several
90 incompatible versions of 680x0 assembly language syntax.
94 \& it assembles exactly one source
95 program. The source program is made up of one or more files.
96 (The standard input is also a file.)
100 \& is given no file names it attempts to read one input file
103 \& standard input, which is normally your terminal. You
108 \& there is no more program
109 to assemble. Use `\|\c
111 \|' if you need to explicitly name the standard input file
112 in your command line.
115 \& may write warnings and error messages to the standard error
116 file (usually your terminal). This should not happen when \c
119 run automatically by a compiler. Warnings report an assumption made so
122 \& could keep assembling a flawed program; errors report a
123 grave problem that stops the assembly.
128 Turn on assembly listings. There are various suboptions.
130 omits debugging directives.
132 includes the high level source code; this is only available if the
133 source file can be found, and the code was compiled with
136 includes an assembly listing.
138 omits forms processing.
140 includes a symbol listing.
143 sets the listing file name; this must be the last suboption.
144 The default suboptions are
148 This option is accepted only for script compatibility with calls to
149 other assemblers; it has no effect on \c
153 .B \-\-defsym SYM=VALUE
154 Define the symbol SYM to be VALUE before assembling the input file.
155 VALUE must be an integer constant. As in C, a leading 0x indicates a
156 hexadecimal value, and a leading 0 indicates an octal value.
159 ``fast''--skip preprocessing (assume source is compiler output).
164 to the search list for
169 Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line. This
170 may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.
173 Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long displacements.
176 Keep (in symbol table) local symbols, starting with `\|\c
181 Assemble in MRI compatibility mode.
184 Name the object-file output from \c
188 Fold data section into text section
190 .B \-\-traditional\-format
191 Use same format as native assembler, when possible.
199 Suppress warning messages
201 .IR "\-\^\-" "\ |\ " "files\|.\|.\|."
202 Source files to assemble, or standard input (\c
207 (When configured for Intel 960.)
208 Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the target.
212 (When configured for Intel 960.)
213 Add code to collect statistics about branches taken.
217 (When configured for Intel 960.)
218 Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long displacements;
223 (When configured for Motorola 68000).
225 Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of two.
227 .BR "\-mc68000" "\||\|" "\-mc68010" "\||\|" "\-mc68020"
229 (When configured for Motorola 68000).
231 Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target (default 68020)
234 Options may be in any order, and may be
235 before, after, or between file names. The order of file names is
240 \|' (two hyphens) by itself names the standard input file
241 explicitly, as one of the files for \c
247 \|' any command line argument that begins with a
250 \|') is an option. Each option changes the behavior of
253 \&. No option changes the way another option works. An
256 \|' followed by one or more letters; the case of
257 the letter is important. All options are optional.
261 \|' option expects exactly one file name to follow. The file
262 name may either immediately follow the option's letter (compatible
263 with older assemblers) or it may be the next command argument (GNU
266 These two command lines are equivalent:
269 as\ \ \-o\ \ my\-object\-file.o\ \ mumble.s
272 as\ \ \-omy\-object\-file.o\ \ mumble.s
281 Using as: The GNU Assembler\c
287 Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
289 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
290 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
291 are preserved on all copies.
293 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
294 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
295 entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
296 permission notice identical to this one.
298 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
299 manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
300 versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
301 translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
302 the original English.