1 /* Main program of GNU linker.
2 Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of GLD, the Gnu Linker.
7 GLD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
12 GLD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with GLD; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
19 the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */
25 #include "libiberty.h"
41 /* Somewhere above, sys/stat.h got included . . . . */
42 #if !defined(S_ISDIR) && defined(S_IFDIR)
43 #define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
48 static char *get_emulation PARAMS ((int, char **));
49 static void set_scripts_dir PARAMS ((void));
54 const char *output_filename = "a.out";
56 /* Name this program was invoked by. */
59 /* The file that we're creating */
62 /* Set by -G argument, for MIPS ECOFF target. */
63 int g_switch_value = 8;
65 /* Nonzero means print names of input files as processed. */
68 /* Nonzero means same, but note open failures, too. */
69 boolean trace_file_tries;
71 /* Nonzero means version number was printed, so exit successfully
72 instead of complaining if no input files are given. */
73 boolean version_printed;
75 args_type command_line;
77 ld_config_type config;
79 static boolean check_for_scripts_dir PARAMS ((char *dir));
80 static boolean add_archive_element PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *, bfd *,
82 static boolean multiple_definition PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
84 bfd *, asection *, bfd_vma,
85 bfd *, asection *, bfd_vma));
86 static boolean multiple_common PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
88 enum bfd_link_hash_type, bfd_vma,
89 bfd *, enum bfd_link_hash_type,
91 static boolean add_to_set PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
92 struct bfd_link_hash_entry *,
93 bfd_reloc_code_real_type,
94 bfd *, asection *, bfd_vma));
95 static boolean constructor_callback PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
98 bfd *, asection *, bfd_vma));
99 static boolean warning_callback PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
101 static boolean undefined_symbol PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
103 asection *, bfd_vma));
104 static boolean reloc_overflow PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *, const char *,
105 const char *, bfd_vma,
106 bfd *, asection *, bfd_vma));
107 static boolean reloc_dangerous PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *, const char *,
108 bfd *, asection *, bfd_vma));
109 static boolean unattached_reloc PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *,
110 const char *, bfd *, asection *,
112 static boolean notice_ysym PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info *, const char *,
113 bfd *, asection *, bfd_vma));
115 static struct bfd_link_callbacks link_callbacks =
121 constructor_callback,
130 struct bfd_link_info link_info;
137 if (output_bfd && output_bfd->iostream)
138 fclose((FILE *)(output_bfd->iostream));
139 if (delete_output_file_on_failure)
140 unlink (output_filename);
150 long start_time = get_run_time ();
152 program_name = argv[0];
153 xmalloc_set_program_name (program_name);
157 xatexit (remove_output);
159 /* Initialize the data about options. */
160 trace_files = trace_file_tries = version_printed = false;
161 config.traditional_format = false;
162 config.build_constructors = true;
163 config.dynamic_link = false;
164 command_line.force_common_definition = false;
165 command_line.interpreter = NULL;
166 command_line.rpath = NULL;
168 link_info.callbacks = &link_callbacks;
169 link_info.relocateable = false;
170 link_info.shared = false;
171 link_info.strip = strip_none;
172 link_info.discard = discard_none;
173 link_info.lprefix_len = 1;
174 link_info.lprefix = "L";
175 link_info.keep_memory = true;
176 link_info.input_bfds = NULL;
177 link_info.create_object_symbols_section = NULL;
178 link_info.hash = NULL;
179 link_info.keep_hash = NULL;
180 link_info.notice_hash = NULL;
182 ldfile_add_arch ("");
184 config.make_executable = true;
185 force_make_executable = false;
186 config.magic_demand_paged = true;
187 config.text_read_only = true;
188 config.make_executable = true;
190 emulation = get_emulation (argc, argv);
191 ldemul_choose_mode (emulation);
192 default_target = ldemul_choose_target ();
194 ldemul_before_parse ();
195 lang_has_input_file = false;
196 parse_args (argc, argv);
198 if (link_info.relocateable)
200 if (command_line.relax)
201 einfo ("%P%F: -relax and -r may not be used together\n");
202 if (config.dynamic_link)
203 einfo ("%P%F: -r and -call_shared may not be used together\n");
204 if (link_info.shared)
205 einfo ("%P%F: -r and -shared may not be used together\n");
208 /* Treat ld -r -s as ld -r -S -x (i.e., strip all local symbols). I
209 don't see how else this can be handled, since in this case we
210 must preserve all externally visible symbols. */
211 if (link_info.relocateable && link_info.strip == strip_all)
213 link_info.strip = strip_debugger;
214 if (link_info.discard == discard_none)
215 link_info.discard = discard_all;
218 /* This essentially adds another -L directory so this must be done after
219 the -L's in argv have been processed. */
222 if (had_script == false)
224 /* Read the emulation's appropriate default script. */
226 char *s = ldemul_get_script (&isfile);
229 ldfile_open_command_file (s);
232 parser_input = input_script;
238 if (lang_has_input_file == false)
242 einfo ("%P%F: no input files\n");
247 info_msg ("%P: mode %s\n", emulation);
250 ldemul_after_parse ();
253 if (config.map_filename)
255 if (strcmp (config.map_filename, "-") == 0)
257 config.map_file = stdout;
261 config.map_file = fopen (config.map_filename, FOPEN_WT);
262 if (config.map_file == (FILE *) NULL)
264 einfo ("%P%F: cannot open map file %s: %E\n",
265 config.map_filename);
273 /* Print error messages for any missing symbols, for any warning
274 symbols, and possibly multiple definitions */
277 if (config.text_read_only)
279 /* Look for a text section and mark the readonly attribute in it */
280 asection *found = bfd_get_section_by_name (output_bfd, ".text");
282 if (found != (asection *) NULL)
284 found->flags |= SEC_READONLY;
288 if (link_info.relocateable)
289 output_bfd->flags &= ~EXEC_P;
291 output_bfd->flags |= EXEC_P;
295 /* Even if we're producing relocateable output, some non-fatal errors should
296 be reported in the exit status. (What non-fatal errors, if any, do we
297 want to ignore for relocateable output?) */
299 if (config.make_executable == false && force_make_executable == false)
301 if (trace_files == true)
303 einfo ("%P: link errors found, deleting executable `%s'\n",
307 if (output_bfd->iostream)
308 fclose ((FILE *) (output_bfd->iostream));
310 unlink (output_filename);
315 if (! bfd_close (output_bfd))
316 einfo ("%F%B: final close failed: %E\n", output_bfd);
321 extern char **environ;
322 char *lim = (char *) sbrk (0);
323 long run_time = get_run_time () - start_time;
325 fprintf (stderr, "%s: total time in link: %ld.%06ld\n",
326 program_name, run_time / 1000000, run_time % 1000000);
327 fprintf (stderr, "%s: data size %ld\n", program_name,
328 (long) (lim - (char *) &environ));
331 /* Prevent remove_output from doing anything, after a successful link. */
332 output_filename = NULL;
338 /* We need to find any explicitly given emulation in order to initialize the
339 state that's needed by the lex&yacc argument parser (parse_args). */
342 get_emulation (argc, argv)
349 emulation = (char *) getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON);
350 if (emulation == NULL)
351 emulation = DEFAULT_EMULATION;
353 for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
355 if (!strncmp (argv[i], "-m", 2))
357 if (argv[i][2] == '\0')
362 emulation = argv[i + 1];
367 einfo("%P%F: missing argument to -m\n");
370 else if (strcmp (argv[i], "-mips1") == 0
371 || strcmp (argv[i], "-mips2") == 0
372 || strcmp (argv[i], "-mips3") == 0)
374 /* FIXME: The arguments -mips1, -mips2 and -mips3 are
375 passed to the linker by some MIPS compilers. They
376 generally tell the linker to use a slightly different
377 library path. Perhaps someday these should be
378 implemented as emulations; until then, we just ignore
379 the arguments and hope that nobody ever creates
380 emulations named ips1, ips2 or ips3. */
382 else if (strcmp (argv[i], "-m486") == 0)
384 /* FIXME: The argument -m486 is passed to the linker on
385 some Linux systems. Hope that nobody creates an
386 emulation named 486. */
391 emulation = &argv[i][2];
399 /* If directory DIR contains an "ldscripts" subdirectory,
400 add DIR to the library search path and return true,
401 else return false. */
404 check_for_scripts_dir (dir)
412 dirlen = strlen (dir);
413 /* sizeof counts the terminating NUL. */
414 buf = (char *) xmalloc (dirlen + sizeof("/ldscripts"));
415 sprintf (buf, "%s/ldscripts", dir);
417 res = stat (buf, &s) == 0 && S_ISDIR (s.st_mode);
420 ldfile_add_library_path (dir, false);
424 /* Set the default directory for finding script files.
425 Libraries will be searched for here too, but that's ok.
426 We look for the "ldscripts" directory in:
428 SCRIPTDIR (passed from Makefile)
429 the dir where this program is (for using it from the build tree)
430 the dir where this program is/../lib (for installing the tool suite elsewhere) */
438 if (check_for_scripts_dir (SCRIPTDIR))
439 return; /* We've been installed normally. */
441 /* Look for "ldscripts" in the dir where our binary is. */
442 end = strrchr (program_name, '/');
445 dirlen = end - program_name;
446 /* Make a copy of program_name in dir.
447 Leave room for later "/../lib". */
448 dir = (char *) xmalloc (dirlen + 8);
449 strncpy (dir, program_name, dirlen);
455 dir = (char *) xmalloc (dirlen + 8);
459 if (check_for_scripts_dir (dir))
460 return; /* Don't free dir. */
462 /* Look for "ldscripts" in <the dir where our binary is>/../lib. */
463 strcpy (dir + dirlen, "/../lib");
464 if (check_for_scripts_dir (dir))
467 free (dir); /* Well, we tried. */
474 if (link_info.notice_hash == (struct bfd_hash_table *) NULL)
476 link_info.notice_hash = ((struct bfd_hash_table *)
477 xmalloc (sizeof (struct bfd_hash_table)));
478 if (! bfd_hash_table_init_n (link_info.notice_hash,
481 einfo ("%P%F: bfd_hash_table_init failed: %E\n");
484 if (bfd_hash_lookup (link_info.notice_hash, name, true, true)
485 == (struct bfd_hash_entry *) NULL)
486 einfo ("%P%F: bfd_hash_lookup failed: %E\n");
489 /* Handle the -retain-symbols-file option. */
492 add_keepsyms_file (filename)
493 const char *filename;
500 if (link_info.strip == strip_some)
501 einfo ("%X%P: error: duplicate retain-symbols-file\n");
503 file = fopen (filename, "r");
504 if (file == (FILE *) NULL)
506 bfd_set_error (bfd_error_system_call);
507 einfo ("%X%P: %s: %E", filename);
511 link_info.keep_hash = ((struct bfd_hash_table *)
512 xmalloc (sizeof (struct bfd_hash_table)));
513 if (! bfd_hash_table_init (link_info.keep_hash, bfd_hash_newfunc))
514 einfo ("%P%F: bfd_hash_table_init failed: %E\n");
517 buf = (char *) xmalloc (bufsize);
529 while (! isspace (c) && c != EOF)
536 buf = xrealloc (buf, bufsize);
543 if (bfd_hash_lookup (link_info.keep_hash, buf, true, true)
544 == (struct bfd_hash_entry *) NULL)
545 einfo ("%P%F: bfd_hash_lookup for insertion failed: %E");
549 if (link_info.strip != strip_none)
550 einfo ("%P: `-retain-symbols-file' overrides `-s' and `-S'\n");
552 link_info.strip = strip_some;
555 /* Callbacks from the BFD linker routines. */
557 /* This is called when BFD has decided to include an archive member in
562 add_archive_element (info, abfd, name)
563 struct bfd_link_info *info;
567 lang_input_statement_type *input;
569 input = ((lang_input_statement_type *)
570 xmalloc ((bfd_size_type) sizeof (lang_input_statement_type)));
571 input->filename = abfd->filename;
572 input->local_sym_name = abfd->filename;
573 input->the_bfd = abfd;
574 input->asymbols = NULL;
576 input->just_syms_flag = false;
577 input->loaded = false;
578 input->search_dirs_flag = false;
580 /* FIXME: The following fields are not set: header.next,
581 header.type, closed, passive_position, symbol_count,
582 next_real_file, is_archive, target, real, common_section,
583 common_output_section, complained. This bit of code is from the
584 old decode_library_subfile function. I don't know whether any of
585 those fields matters. */
587 ldlang_add_file (input);
589 if (config.map_file != (FILE *) NULL)
590 minfo ("%s needed due to %T\n", abfd->filename, name);
592 if (trace_files || trace_file_tries)
593 info_msg ("%I\n", input);
598 /* This is called when BFD has discovered a symbol which is defined
603 multiple_definition (info, name, obfd, osec, oval, nbfd, nsec, nval)
604 struct bfd_link_info *info;
613 einfo ("%X%C: multiple definition of `%T'\n",
614 nbfd, nsec, nval, name);
615 if (obfd != (bfd *) NULL)
616 einfo ("%D: first defined here\n", obfd, osec, oval);
620 /* This is called when there is a definition of a common symbol, or
621 when a common symbol is found for a symbol that is already defined,
622 or when two common symbols are found. We only do something if
623 -warn-common was used. */
627 multiple_common (info, name, obfd, otype, osize, nbfd, ntype, nsize)
628 struct bfd_link_info *info;
631 enum bfd_link_hash_type otype;
634 enum bfd_link_hash_type ntype;
637 if (! config.warn_common)
640 if (ntype == bfd_link_hash_defined
641 || ntype == bfd_link_hash_defweak
642 || ntype == bfd_link_hash_indirect)
644 ASSERT (otype == bfd_link_hash_common);
645 einfo ("%B: warning: definition of `%T' overriding common\n",
648 einfo ("%B: warning: common is here\n", obfd);
650 else if (otype == bfd_link_hash_defined
651 || otype == bfd_link_hash_defweak
652 || otype == bfd_link_hash_indirect)
654 ASSERT (ntype == bfd_link_hash_common);
655 einfo ("%B: warning: common of `%T' overridden by definition\n",
658 einfo ("%B: warning: defined here\n", obfd);
662 ASSERT (otype == bfd_link_hash_common && ntype == bfd_link_hash_common);
665 einfo ("%B: warning: common of `%T' overridden by larger common\n",
668 einfo ("%B: warning: larger common is here\n", obfd);
670 else if (nsize > osize)
672 einfo ("%B: warning: common of `%T' overriding smaller common\n",
675 einfo ("%B: warning: smaller common is here\n", obfd);
679 einfo ("%B: warning: multiple common of `%T'\n", nbfd, name);
681 einfo ("%B: warning: previous common is here\n", obfd);
688 /* This is called when BFD has discovered a set element. H is the
689 entry in the linker hash table for the set. SECTION and VALUE
690 represent a value which should be added to the set. */
694 add_to_set (info, h, reloc, abfd, section, value)
695 struct bfd_link_info *info;
696 struct bfd_link_hash_entry *h;
697 bfd_reloc_code_real_type reloc;
702 if (! config.build_constructors)
705 ldctor_add_set_entry (h, reloc, section, value);
707 if (h->type == bfd_link_hash_new)
709 h->type = bfd_link_hash_undefined;
710 h->u.undef.abfd = abfd;
711 /* We don't call bfd_link_add_undef to add this to the list of
712 undefined symbols because we are going to define it
719 /* This is called when BFD has discovered a constructor. This is only
720 called for some object file formats--those which do not handle
721 constructors in some more clever fashion. This is similar to
722 adding an element to a set, but less general. */
725 constructor_callback (info, constructor, name, abfd, section, value)
726 struct bfd_link_info *info;
735 struct bfd_link_hash_entry *h;
737 if (! config.build_constructors)
740 /* Ensure that BFD_RELOC_CTOR exists now, so that we can give a
741 useful error message. */
742 if (bfd_reloc_type_lookup (output_bfd, BFD_RELOC_CTOR) == NULL)
743 einfo ("%P%F: BFD backend error: BFD_RELOC_CTOR unsupported");
745 set_name = (char *) alloca (1 + sizeof "__CTOR_LIST__");
747 if (bfd_get_symbol_leading_char (abfd) != '\0')
748 *s++ = bfd_get_symbol_leading_char (abfd);
750 strcpy (s, "__CTOR_LIST__");
752 strcpy (s, "__DTOR_LIST__");
754 if (config.map_file != (FILE *) NULL)
755 fprintf (config.map_file,
756 "Adding %s to constructor/destructor set %s\n", name, set_name);
758 h = bfd_link_hash_lookup (info->hash, set_name, true, true, true);
759 if (h == (struct bfd_link_hash_entry *) NULL)
760 einfo ("%P%F: bfd_link_hash_lookup failed: %E");
761 if (h->type == bfd_link_hash_new)
763 h->type = bfd_link_hash_undefined;
764 h->u.undef.abfd = abfd;
765 /* We don't call bfd_link_add_undef to add this to the list of
766 undefined symbols because we are going to define it
770 ldctor_add_set_entry (h, BFD_RELOC_CTOR, section, value);
774 /* This is called when there is a reference to a warning symbol. */
778 warning_callback (info, warning)
779 struct bfd_link_info *info;
782 einfo ("%P: %s\n", warning);
786 /* This is called when an undefined symbol is found. */
790 undefined_symbol (info, name, abfd, section, address)
791 struct bfd_link_info *info;
797 static char *error_name;
798 static unsigned int error_count;
800 #define MAX_ERRORS_IN_A_ROW 5
802 if (config.warn_once)
804 static struct bfd_hash_table *hash;
806 /* Only warn once about a particular undefined symbol. */
810 hash = ((struct bfd_hash_table *)
811 xmalloc (sizeof (struct bfd_hash_table)));
812 if (! bfd_hash_table_init (hash, bfd_hash_newfunc))
813 einfo ("%F%P: bfd_hash_table_init failed: %E\n");
816 if (bfd_hash_lookup (hash, name, false, false) != NULL)
819 if (bfd_hash_lookup (hash, name, true, true) == NULL)
820 einfo ("%F%P: bfd_hash_lookup failed: %E\n");
823 /* We never print more than a reasonable number of errors in a row
824 for a single symbol. */
825 if (error_name != (char *) NULL
826 && strcmp (name, error_name) == 0)
831 if (error_name != (char *) NULL)
833 error_name = buystring (name);
838 if (error_count < MAX_ERRORS_IN_A_ROW)
839 einfo ("%X%C: undefined reference to `%T'\n",
840 abfd, section, address, name);
841 else if (error_count == MAX_ERRORS_IN_A_ROW)
842 einfo ("%D: more undefined references to `%T' follow\n",
843 abfd, section, address, name);
847 if (error_count < MAX_ERRORS_IN_A_ROW)
848 einfo ("%X%B: undefined reference to `%T'\n",
850 else if (error_count == MAX_ERRORS_IN_A_ROW)
851 einfo ("%B: more undefined references to `%T' follow\n",
858 /* This is called when a reloc overflows. */
862 reloc_overflow (info, name, reloc_name, addend, abfd, section, address)
863 struct bfd_link_info *info;
865 const char *reloc_name;
871 if (abfd == (bfd *) NULL)
872 einfo ("%P%X: generated");
874 einfo ("%X%C:", abfd, section, address);
875 einfo (" relocation truncated to fit: %s %T", reloc_name, name);
877 einfo ("+%v", addend);
882 /* This is called when a dangerous relocation is made. */
886 reloc_dangerous (info, message, abfd, section, address)
887 struct bfd_link_info *info;
893 if (abfd == (bfd *) NULL)
894 einfo ("%P%X: generated");
896 einfo ("%X%C:", abfd, section, address);
897 einfo ("dangerous relocation: %s\n", message);
901 /* This is called when a reloc is being generated attached to a symbol
902 that is not being output. */
906 unattached_reloc (info, name, abfd, section, address)
907 struct bfd_link_info *info;
913 if (abfd == (bfd *) NULL)
914 einfo ("%P%X: generated");
916 einfo ("%X%C:", abfd, section, address);
917 einfo (" reloc refers to symbol `%T' which is not being output\n", name);
921 /* This is called when a symbol in notice_hash is found. Symbols are
922 put in notice_hash using the -y option. */
926 notice_ysym (info, name, abfd, section, value)
927 struct bfd_link_info *info;
933 einfo ("%B: %s %s\n", abfd,
934 bfd_is_und_section (section) ? "reference to" : "definition of",