1 README for gdb-5.2 release
2 Updated 17 April, 2002 by Andrew Cagney
4 This is GDB, the GNU source-level debugger.
6 A summary of new features is in the file `gdb/NEWS'.
8 Check the GDB home page at http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/ for up to
9 date release information, mailing list links and archives, etc.
11 The file `gdb/PROBLEMS' contains information on problems identified
12 late in the release cycle. GDB's bug tracking data base at
13 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/ contains a more complete list of
17 Unpacking and Installation -- quick overview
18 ==========================
20 In this release, the GDB debugger sources, the generic GNU include
21 files, the BFD ("binary file description") library, the readline
22 library, and other libraries all have directories of their own
23 underneath the gdb-5.2 directory. The idea is that a variety of GNU
24 tools can share a common copy of these things. Be aware of variation
25 over time--for example don't try to build gdb with a copy of bfd from
26 a release other than the gdb release (such as a binutils release),
27 especially if the releases are more than a few weeks apart.
28 Configuration scripts and makefiles exist to cruise up and down this
29 directory tree and automatically build all the pieces in the right
32 When you unpack the gdb-5.2.tar.gz file, you'll find a directory
33 called `gdb-5.2', which contains:
35 COPYING config.sub intl missing opcodes
36 COPYING.LIB configure libiberty mkinstalldirs readline
37 Makefile.in configure.in libtool.m4 mmalloc sim
38 README djunpack.bat ltcf-c.sh move-if-change symlink-tree
39 bfd etc ltcf-cxx.sh mpw-README texinfo
40 config gdb ltcf-gcj.sh mpw-build.in utils
41 config-ml.in gettext.m4 ltconfig mpw-config.in ylwrap
42 config.guess include ltmain.sh mpw-configure
43 config.if install-sh md5.sum mpw-install
45 You can build GDB right in the source directory:
50 cp gdb/gdb /usr/local/bin/gdb (or wherever you want)
52 However, we recommend that an empty directory be used instead.
53 This way you do not clutter your source tree with binary files
54 and will be able to create different builds with different
55 configuration options.
57 You can build GDB in any empty build directory:
61 <full path to your sources>/gdb-5.2/configure
63 cp gdb/gdb /usr/local/bin/gdb (or wherever you want)
65 (Building GDB with DJGPP tools for MS-DOS/MS-Windows is slightly
66 different; see the file gdb-5.2/gdb/config/djgpp/README for details.)
68 This will configure and build all the libraries as well as GDB. If
69 `configure' can't determine your system type, specify one as its
70 argument, e.g., `./configure sun4' or `./configure decstation'.
72 If you get compiler errors during this stage, see the `Reporting
73 Bugs' section below; there are a few known problems.
75 GDB requires an ISO C (ANSI C) compiler. If you do not have an ISO
76 C compiler for your system, you may be able to download and install
77 the GNU CC compiler. It is available via anonymous FTP from the
78 directory `ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gcc'.
80 GDB can be used as a cross-debugger, running on a machine of one
81 type while debugging a program running on a machine of another type.
88 All the documentation for GDB comes as part of the machine-readable
89 distribution. The documentation is written in Texinfo format, which
90 is a documentation system that uses a single source file to produce
91 both on-line information and a printed manual. You can use one of the
92 Info formatting commands to create the on-line version of the
93 documentation and TeX (or `texi2roff') to typeset the printed version.
95 GDB includes an already formatted copy of the on-line Info version
96 of this manual in the `gdb/doc' subdirectory. The main Info file is
97 `gdb-5.2/gdb/doc/gdb.info', and it refers to subordinate files
98 matching `gdb.info*' in the same directory. If necessary, you can
99 print out these files, or read them with any editor; but they are
100 easier to read using the `info' subsystem in GNU Emacs or the
101 standalone `info' program, available as part of the GNU Texinfo
104 If you want to format these Info files yourself, you need one of the
105 Info formatting programs, such as `texinfo-format-buffer' or
108 If you have `makeinfo' installed, and are in the top level GDB
109 source directory (`gdb-5.2', in the case of version 5.2), you can make
110 the Info file by typing:
115 If you want to typeset and print copies of this manual, you need
116 TeX, a program to print its DVI output files, and `texinfo.tex', the
117 Texinfo definitions file. This file is included in the GDB
118 distribution, in the directory `gdb-5.2/texinfo'.
120 TeX is a typesetting program; it does not print files directly, but
121 produces output files called DVI files. To print a typeset document,
122 you need a program to print DVI files. If your system has TeX
123 installed, chances are it has such a program. The precise command to
124 use depends on your system; `lpr -d' is common; another (for PostScript
125 devices) is `dvips'. The DVI print command may require a file name
126 without any extension or a `.dvi' extension.
128 TeX also requires a macro definitions file called `texinfo.tex'.
129 This file tells TeX how to typeset a document written in Texinfo
130 format. On its own, TeX cannot read, much less typeset a Texinfo file.
131 `texinfo.tex' is distributed with GDB and is located in the
132 `gdb-5.2/texinfo' directory.
134 If you have TeX and a DVI printer program installed, you can typeset
135 and print this manual. First switch to the the `gdb' subdirectory of
136 the main source directory (for example, to `gdb-5.2/gdb') and then type:
140 If you prefer to have the manual in PDF format, type this from the
141 `gdb/doc' subdirectory of the main source directory:
145 For this to work, you will need the PDFTeX package to be installed.
151 GDB comes with a `configure' script that automates the process of
152 preparing GDB for installation; you can then use `make' to build the
155 The GDB distribution includes all the source code you need for GDB in
156 a single directory, whose name is usually composed by appending the
157 version number to `gdb'.
159 For example, the GDB version 5.2 distribution is in the `gdb-5.2'
160 directory. That directory contains:
162 `gdb-5.2/{COPYING,COPYING.LIB}'
163 Standard GNU license files. Please read them.
166 source for the Binary File Descriptor library
169 script for configuring GDB, along with other support files
172 the source specific to GDB itself
178 source for the `-liberty' free software library
181 source for the GNU memory-mapped malloc package
184 source for the library of opcode tables and disassemblers
187 source for the GNU command-line interface
188 NOTE: The readline library is compiled for use by GDB, but will
189 not be installed on your system when "make install" is issued.
192 source for some simulators (ARM, D10V, SPARC, M32R, MIPS, PPC, V850, etc)
195 source for the GNU gettext library, for internationalization.
196 This is slightly modified from the standalone gettext
197 distribution you can get from GNU.
200 The `texinfo.tex' file, which you need in order to make a printed
204 Coding standards, useful files for editing GDB, and other
208 A grab bag of random utilities.
210 Note: the following instructions are for building GDB on Unix or
211 Unix-like systems. Instructions for building with DJGPP for
212 MS-DOS/MS-Windows are in the file gdb/config/djgpp/README.
214 The simplest way to configure and build GDB is to run `configure'
215 from the `gdb-VERSION-NUMBER' source directory, which in this example
216 is the `gdb-5.2' directory.
218 First switch to the `gdb-VERSION-NUMBER' source directory if you are
219 not already in it; then run `configure'.
227 Running `configure' followed by `make' builds the `bfd',
228 `readline', `mmalloc', and `libiberty' libraries, then `gdb' itself.
229 The configured source files, and the binaries, are left in the
230 corresponding source directories.
232 `configure' is a Bourne-shell (`/bin/sh') script; if your system
233 does not recognize this automatically when you run a different shell,
234 you may need to run `sh' on it explicitly:
238 If you run `configure' from a directory that contains source
239 directories for multiple libraries or programs, such as the `gdb-5.2'
240 source directory for version 5.2, `configure' creates configuration
241 files for every directory level underneath (unless you tell it not to,
242 with the `--norecursion' option).
244 You can run the `configure' script from any of the subordinate
245 directories in the GDB distribution, if you only want to configure that
246 subdirectory; but be sure to specify a path to it.
248 For example, with version 5.2, type the following to configure only
249 the `bfd' subdirectory:
254 You can install `gdb' anywhere; it has no hardwired paths. However,
255 you should make sure that the shell on your path (named by the `SHELL'
256 environment variable) is publicly readable. Remember that GDB uses the
257 shell to start your program--some systems refuse to let GDB debug child
258 processes whose programs are not readable.
261 Compiling GDB in another directory
262 ==================================
264 If you want to run GDB versions for several host or target machines,
265 you need a different `gdb' compiled for each combination of host and
266 target. `configure' is designed to make this easy by allowing you to
267 generate each configuration in a separate subdirectory, rather than in
268 the source directory. If your `make' program handles the `VPATH'
269 feature correctly (GNU `make' and SunOS 'make' are two that should),
270 running `make' in each of these directories builds the `gdb' program
273 To build `gdb' in a separate directory, run `configure' with the
274 `--srcdir' option to specify where to find the source. (You also need
275 to specify a path to find `configure' itself from your working
276 directory. If the path to `configure' would be the same as the
277 argument to `--srcdir', you can leave out the `--srcdir' option; it
280 For example, with version 5.2, you can build GDB in a separate
281 directory for a Sun 4 like this:
289 When `configure' builds a configuration using a remote source
290 directory, it creates a tree for the binaries with the same structure
291 (and using the same names) as the tree under the source directory. In
292 the example, you'd find the Sun 4 library `libiberty.a' in the
293 directory `gdb-sun4/libiberty', and GDB itself in `gdb-sun4/gdb'.
295 One popular reason to build several GDB configurations in separate
296 directories is to configure GDB for cross-compiling (where GDB runs on
297 one machine--the host--while debugging programs that run on another
298 machine--the target). You specify a cross-debugging target by giving
299 the `--target=TARGET' option to `configure'.
301 When you run `make' to build a program or library, you must run it
302 in a configured directory--whatever directory you were in when you
303 called `configure' (or one of its subdirectories).
305 The `Makefile' that `configure' generates in each source directory
306 also runs recursively. If you type `make' in a source directory such
307 as `gdb-5.2' (or in a separate configured directory configured with
308 `--srcdir=PATH/gdb-5.2'), you will build all the required libraries,
311 When you have multiple hosts or targets configured in separate
312 directories, you can run `make' on them in parallel (for example, if
313 they are NFS-mounted on each of the hosts); they will not interfere
317 Specifying names for hosts and targets
318 ======================================
320 The specifications used for hosts and targets in the `configure'
321 script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short
322 predefined aliases are also supported. The full naming scheme encodes
323 three pieces of information in the following pattern:
325 ARCHITECTURE-VENDOR-OS
327 For example, you can use the alias `sun4' as a HOST argument or in a
328 `--target=TARGET' option. The equivalent full name is
331 The `configure' script accompanying GDB does not provide any query
332 facility to list all supported host and target names or aliases.
333 `configure' calls the Bourne shell script `config.sub' to map
334 abbreviations to full names; you can read the script, if you wish, or
335 you can use it to test your guesses on abbreviations--for example:
341 % sh config.sub decstation
343 % sh config.sub hp300bsd
345 % sh config.sub i386v
347 % sh config.sub i786v
348 Invalid configuration `i786v': machine `i786v' not recognized
350 `config.sub' is also distributed in the GDB source directory
351 (`gdb-5.2', for version 5.2).
357 Here is a summary of the `configure' options and arguments that are
358 most often useful for building GDB. `configure' also has several other
359 options not listed here. *note : (configure.info)What Configure Does,
360 for a full explanation of `configure'.
365 [--norecursion] [--rm]
366 [--enable-build-warnings]
371 You may introduce options with a single `-' rather than `--' if you
372 prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use `--'.
375 Display a quick summary of how to invoke `configure'.
378 Configure the source to install programs and files under directory
382 *Warning: using this option requires GNU `make', or another `make'
383 that compatibly implements the `VPATH' feature.*
384 Use this option to make configurations in directories separate
385 from the GDB source directories. Among other things, you can use
386 this to build (or maintain) several configurations simultaneously,
387 in separate directories. `configure' writes configuration
388 specific files in the current directory, but arranges for them to
389 use the source in the directory PATH. `configure' will create
390 directories under the working directory in parallel to the source
391 directories below PATH.
394 Configure only the directory level where `configure' is executed;
395 do not propagate configuration to subdirectories.
398 Remove the configuration that the other arguments specify.
400 `--enable-build-warnings'
401 When building the GDB sources, ask the compiler to warn about any
402 code which looks even vaguely suspicious. You should only using
403 this feature if you're compiling with GNU CC. It passes the
414 Configure GDB for cross-debugging programs running on the specified
415 TARGET. Without this option, GDB is configured to debug programs
416 that run on the same machine (HOST) as GDB itself.
418 There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
422 Configure GDB to run on the specified HOST.
424 There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
428 Same as `--host=HOST'. If you omit this, GDB will guess; it's
431 `configure' accepts other options, for compatibility with configuring
432 other GNU tools recursively; but these are the only options that affect
433 GDB or its supporting libraries.
439 The files m68k-stub.c, i386-stub.c, and sparc-stub.c are examples
440 of remote stubs to be used with remote.c. They are designed to run
441 standalone on an m68k, i386, or SPARC cpu and communicate properly
442 with the remote.c stub over a serial line.
444 The directory gdb/gdbserver/ contains `gdbserver', a program that
445 allows remote debugging for Unix applications. gdbserver is only
446 supported for some native configurations, including Sun 3, Sun 4, and
449 There are a number of remote interfaces for talking to existing ROM
450 monitors and other hardware:
452 remote-adapt.c AMD 29000 "Adapt"
453 remote-array.c Array Tech RAID controller
454 remote-bug.c Motorola BUG monitor
455 remote-e7000.c Hitachi E7000 ICE
456 remote-eb.c AMD 29000 "EBMON"
457 remote-es.c Ericsson 1800 monitor
458 remote-est.c EST emulator
459 remote-hms.c Hitachi Micro Systems H8/300 monitor
460 remote-mips.c MIPS remote debugging protocol
461 remote-mm.c AMD 29000 "minimon"
462 remote-nindy.c Intel 960 "Nindy"
463 remote-nrom.c NetROM ROM emulator
464 remote-os9k.c PC running OS/9000
465 remote-rdi.c ARM with Angel monitor
466 remote-rdp.c ARM with Demon monitor
467 remote-sds.c PowerPC SDS monitor
468 remote-sim.c Generalized simulator protocol
469 remote-st.c Tandem ST-2000 monitor
470 remote-udi.c AMD 29000 using the AMD "Universal Debug Interface"
471 remote-vx.c VxWorks realtime kernel
473 Remote-vx.c and the vx-share subdirectory contain a remote
474 interface for the VxWorks realtime kernel, which communicates over TCP
475 using the Sun RPC library. This would be a useful starting point for
476 other remote- via-ethernet back ends.
478 Remote-udi.c and the 29k-share subdirectory contain a remote
479 interface for AMD 29000 programs, which uses the AMD "Universal Debug
480 Interface". This allows GDB to talk to software simulators,
481 emulators, and/or bare hardware boards, via network or serial
482 interfaces. Note that GDB only provides an interface that speaks UDI,
483 not a complete solution. You will need something on the other end
484 that also speaks UDI.
487 Reporting Bugs in GDB
488 =====================
490 There are several ways of reporting bugs in GDB. The prefered
491 method is to use the World Wide Web:
493 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/
495 As an alternative, the bug report can be submitted, via e-mail, to the
498 When submitting a bug, please include the GDB version number (e.g.,
499 gdb-5.2), and how you configured it (e.g., "sun4" or "mach386 host,
500 i586-intel-synopsys target"). Since GDB now supports so many
501 different configurations, it is important that you be precise about
502 this. If at all possible, you should include the actual banner that
503 GDB prints when it starts up, or failing that, the actual configure
504 command that you used when configuring GDB.
506 For more information on how/whether to report bugs, see the
507 Reporting Bugs chapter of the GDB manual (gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo).
510 Graphical interface to GDB -- X Windows, MS Windows
511 ==========================
513 Several graphical interfaces to GDB are available. You should
516 http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/gui/
518 for an up-to-date list.
520 Emacs users will very likely enjoy the Grand Unified Debugger mode;
521 try typing `M-x gdb RET'.
525 =====================
527 There is a lot of information about writing code for GDB in the
528 internals manual, distributed with GDB in gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo. You
529 can read it by hand, print it by using TeX and texinfo, or process it
530 into an `info' file for use with Emacs' info mode or the standalone
533 If you are pondering writing anything but a short patch, especially
534 take note of the information about copyrights in the node Submitting
535 Patches. It can take quite a while to get all the paperwork done, so
536 we encourage you to start that process as soon as you decide you are
537 planning to work on something, or at least well ahead of when you
538 think you will be ready to submit the patches.
544 Included with the GDB distribution is a DejaGNU based testsuite
545 that can either be used to test your newly built GDB, or for
546 regression testing a GDB with local modifications.
548 Running the testsuite requires the prior installation of DejaGNU,
549 which is generally available via ftp. The directory
550 ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/dejagnu/ will contain a recent snapshot.
551 Once DejaGNU is installed, you can run the tests in one of the
564 (3) cd gdb-5.2/gdb/testsuite
565 make site.exp (builds the site specific file)
566 runtest -tool gdb GDB=../gdb (or GDB=<somepath> as appropriate)
568 The last method gives you slightly more control in case of problems
569 with building one or more test executables or if you are using the
570 testsuite `standalone', without it being part of the GDB source tree.
572 See the DejaGNU documentation for further details.
575 (this is for editing this file with GNU emacs)