1 @c Copyright (C) 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
8 @chapter ARM Dependent Features
12 @node Machine Dependencies
13 @chapter ARM Dependent Features
19 * ARM Options:: Options
21 * ARM Floating Point:: Floating Point
22 * ARM Directives:: ARM Machine Directives
23 * ARM Opcodes:: Opcodes
28 @cindex ARM options (none)
29 @cindex options for ARM (none)
33 @cindex @code{-marm} command line option, ARM
34 @item -marm@code{[2|250|3|6|60|600|610|620|7|7m|7d|7dm|7di|7dmi|70|700|700i|710|710c|7100|7500|7500fe|7tdmi|8|810|9|9tdmi|920|strongarm|strongarm110|strongarm1100]}
35 This option specifies the target processor. The assembler will issue an
36 error message if an attempt is made to assemble an instruction which
37 will not execute on the target processor.
39 @cindex @code{-marmv} command line option, ARM
40 @item -marmv@code{[2|2a|3|3m|4|4t|5|5t]}
41 This option specifies the target architecture. The assembler will issue
42 an error message if an attempt is made to assemble an instruction which
43 will not execute on the target architecture.
45 @cindex @code{-mthumb} command line option, ARM
47 This option specifies that only Thumb instructions should be assembled.
49 @cindex @code{-mall} command line option, ARM
51 This option specifies that any Arm or Thumb instruction should be assembled.
53 @cindex @code{-mfpa} command line option, ARM
54 @item -mfpa @var{[10|11]}
55 This option specifies the floating point architecture in use on the
58 @cindex @code{-mfpe-old} command line option, ARM
60 Do not allow the assemble of floating point multiple instructions.
62 @cindex @code{-mno-fpu} command line option, ARM
64 Do not allow the assembly of any floating point instructions.
66 @cindex @code{-mthumb-interwork} command line option, ARM
67 @item -mthumb-interwork
68 This option specifies that the output generated by the assembler should
69 be marked as supporting interworking.
71 @cindex @code{-mapcs} command line option, ARM
72 @item -mapcs @var{[26|32]}
73 This option specifies that the output generated by the assembler should
74 be marked as supporting the indicated version of the Arm Procedure.
77 @cindex @code{-mapcs-float} command line option, ARM
79 This indicates the the floating point variant of the APCS should be
80 used. In this variant floating point arguments are passed in FP
81 registers rather than integer registers.
83 @cindex @code{-mapcs-reentrant} command line option, ARM
84 @item -mapcs-reentrant
85 This indicates that the reentrant variant of the APCS should be used.
86 This variant supports position independent code.
88 @cindex @code{-EB} command line option, ARM
90 This option specifies that the output generated by the assembler should
91 be marked as being encoded for a big-endian processor.
93 @cindex @code{-EL} command line option, ARM
95 This option specifies that the output generated by the assembler should
96 be marked as being encoded for a little-endian processor.
98 @cindex @code{-k} command line option, ARM
99 @cindex PIC code generation for ARM
101 This option enables the generation of PIC (position independent code).
103 @cindex @code{-moabi} command line option, ARM
105 This indicates that the code should be assembled using the old ARM ELF
106 conventions, based on a beta release release of the ARM-ELF
107 specifications, rather than the default conventions which are based on
108 the final release of the ARM-ELF specifications.
116 * ARM-Chars:: Special Characters
117 * ARM-Regs:: Register Names
121 @subsection Special Characters
123 @cindex line comment character, ARM
124 @cindex ARM line comment character
125 The presence of a @samp{@@} on a line indicates the start of a comment
126 that extends to the end of the current line. If a @samp{#} appears as
127 the first character of a line, the whole line is treated as a comment.
129 @cindex line separator, ARM
130 @cindex statement separator, ARM
131 @cindex ARM line separator
132 On ARM systems running the GNU/Linux operating system, @samp{;} can be
133 used instead of a newline to separate statements.
135 @cindex immediate character, ARM
136 @cindex ARM immediate character
137 Either @samp{#} or @samp{$} can be used to indicate immediate operands.
139 @cindex identifiers, ARM
140 @cindex ARM identifiers
141 *TODO* Explain about /data modifier on symbols.
144 @subsection Register Names
146 @cindex ARM register names
147 @cindex register names, ARM
148 *TODO* Explain about ARM register naming, and the predefined names.
150 @node ARM Floating Point
151 @section Floating Point
153 @cindex floating point, ARM (@sc{ieee})
154 @cindex ARM floating point (@sc{ieee})
155 The ARM family uses @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers.
160 @section ARM Machine Directives
162 @cindex machine directives, ARM
163 @cindex ARM machine directives
166 @cindex @code{align} directive, ARM
167 @item .align @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]
168 This is the generic @var{.align} directive. For the ARM however if the
169 first argument is zero (ie no alignment is needed) the assembler will
170 behave as if the argument had been 2 (ie pad to the next four byte
171 boundary). This is for compatability with ARM's own assembler.
173 @cindex @code{req} directive, ARM
174 @item @var{name} .req @var{register name}
175 This creates an alias for @var{register name} called @var{name}. For
182 @cindex @code{code} directive, ARM
183 @item .code @var{[16|32]}
184 This directive selects the instruction set being generated. The value 16
185 selects Thumb, with the value 32 selecting ARM.
187 @cindex @code{thumb} directive, ARM
189 This performs the same action as @var{.code 16}.
191 @cindex @code{arm} directive, ARM
193 This performs the same action as @var{.code 32}.
195 @cindex @code{force_thumb} directive, ARM
197 This directive forces the selection of Thumb instructions, even if the
198 target processor does not support those instructions
200 @cindex @code{thumb_func} directive, ARM
202 This directive specifies that the following symbol is the name of a
203 Thumb encoded function. This information is necessary in order to allow
204 the assembler and linker to generate correct code for interworking
205 between Arm and Thumb instructions and should be used even if
206 interworking is not going to be performed. The presence of this
207 directive also implies @code{.thumb}
209 @cindex @code{thumb_set} directive, ARM
211 This performs the equivalent of a @code{.set} directive in that it
212 creates a symbol which is an alias for another symbol (possibly not yet
213 defined). This directive also has the added property in that it marks
214 the aliased symbol as being a thumb function entry point, in the same
215 way that the @code{.thumb_func} directive does.
217 @cindex @code{.ltorg} directive, ARM
219 This directive causes the current contents of the literal pool to be
220 dumped into the current section (which is assumed to be the .text
221 section) at the current location (aligned to a word boundary).
223 @cindex @code{.pool} directive, ARM
225 This is a synonym for .ltorg.
233 @cindex opcodes for ARM
234 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard ARM opcodes. It also
235 implements several pseudo opcodes, including several synthetic load
240 @cindex @code{NOP} pseudo op, ARM
246 This pseudo op will always evaluate to a legal ARM instruction that does
247 nothing. Currently it will evaluate to MOV r0, r0.
249 @cindex @code{LDR reg,=<label>} pseudo op, ARM
252 ldr <register> , = <expression>
255 If expression evaluates to a numeric constant then a MOV or MVN
256 instruction will be used in place of the LDR instruction, if the
257 constant can be generated by either of these instructions. Otherwise
258 the constant will be placed into the nearest literal pool (if it not
259 already there) and a PC relative LDR instruction will be generated.
261 @cindex @code{ADR reg,<label>} pseudo op, ARM
264 adr <register> <label>
267 This instruction will load the address of @var{label} into the indicated
268 register. The instruction will evaluate to a PC relative ADD or SUB
269 instruction depending upon where the label is located. If the label is
270 out of range, or if it is not defined in the same file (and section) as
271 the ADR instruction, then an error will be generated. This instruction
272 will not make use of the literal pool.
274 @cindex @code{ADRL reg,<label>} pseudo op, ARM
277 adrl <register> <label>
280 This instruction will load the address of @var{label} into the indicated
281 register. The instruction will evaluate to one or two a PC relative ADD
282 or SUB instructions depending upon where the label is located. If a
283 second instruction is not needed a NOP instruction will be generated in
284 its place, so that this instruction is always 8 bytes long.
286 If the label is out of range, or if it is not defined in the same file
287 (and section) as the ADRL instruction, then an error will be generated.
288 This instruction will not make use of the literal pool.
292 For information on the ARM or Thumb instruction sets, see @cite{ARM
293 Software Development Toolkit Reference Manual}, Advanced RISC Machines