1 /* as.c - GAS main program.
2 Copyright (C) 1987, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 1998
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
7 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
12 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
19 Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
23 * Main program for AS; a 32-bit assembler of GNU.
24 * Understands command arguments.
25 * Has a few routines that don't fit in other modules because they
32 * Since no-one else says they will support them in future: I
33 * don't support them now.
43 #include "output-file.h"
47 #define itbl_parse(itbl_file) 1
52 #ifdef NEED_DECLARATION_SBRK
57 static void show_usage PARAMS ((FILE *));
58 static void parse_args PARAMS ((int *, char ***));
59 static void dump_statistics PARAMS ((void));
60 static void perform_an_assembly_pass PARAMS ((int argc, char **argv));
61 static int macro_expr PARAMS ((const char *, int, sb *, int *));
63 int listing; /* true if a listing is wanted */
65 static char *listing_filename = NULL; /* Name of listing file. */
67 /* Type of debugging to generate. */
69 enum debug_info_type debug_type = DEBUG_NONE;
71 /* Maximum level of macro nesting. */
73 int max_macro_nest = 100;
75 char *myname; /* argv[0] */
77 segT reg_section, expr_section;
78 segT text_section, data_section, bss_section;
81 /* The default obstack chunk size. If we set this to zero, the
82 obstack code will use whatever will fit in a 4096 byte block. */
85 /* To monitor memory allocation more effectively, make this non-zero.
86 Then the chunk sizes for gas and bfd will be reduced. */
89 /* We build a list of defsyms as we read the options, and then define
90 them after we have initialized everything. */
94 struct defsym_list *next;
99 static struct defsym_list *defsyms;
101 /* Keep a record of the itbl files we read in. */
103 struct itbl_file_list
105 struct itbl_file_list *next;
109 static struct itbl_file_list *itbl_files;
120 fprintf (stderr, _("GNU assembler version %s (%s) using BFD version %s"),
121 VERSION, TARGET_ALIAS, BFD_VERSION);
123 fprintf (stderr, _("GNU assembler version %s (%s)"), VERSION, TARGET_ALIAS);
125 fprintf (stderr, "\n");
132 fprintf (stream, _("Usage: %s [option...] [asmfile...]\n"), myname);
134 fprintf (stream, _("\
136 -a[sub-option...] turn on listings\n\
137 Sub-options [default hls]:\n\
138 c omit false conditionals\n\
139 d omit debugging directives\n\
140 h include high-level source\n\
141 l include assembly\n\
142 m include macro expansions\n\
143 n omit forms processing\n\
145 =file set listing file name (must be last sub-option)\n"));
146 fprintf (stream, _("\
147 -D produce assembler debugging messages\n\
148 --defsym SYM=VAL define symbol SYM to given value\n\
149 -f skip whitespace and comment preprocessing\n\
150 --gstabs generate stabs debugging information\n\
151 --help show this message and exit\n\
152 -I DIR add DIR to search list for .include directives\n\
153 -J don't warn about signed overflow\n\
154 -K warn when differences altered for long displacements\n\
155 -L,--keep-locals keep local symbols (e.g. starting with `L')\n"));
156 fprintf (stream, _("\
157 -M,--mri assemble in MRI compatibility mode\n\
158 --MD FILE write dependency information in FILE (default none)\n\
160 -o OBJFILE name the object-file output OBJFILE (default a.out)\n\
161 -R fold data section into text section\n\
162 --statistics print various measured statistics from execution\n\
163 --strip-local-absolute strip local absolute symbols\n\
164 --traditional-format Use same format as native assembler when possible\n\
165 --version print assembler version number and exit\n\
166 -W suppress warnings\n\
167 --itbl INSTTBL extend instruction set to include instructions\n\
168 matching the specifications defined in file INSTTBL\n\
171 -Z generate object file even after errors\n"));
172 fprintf (stream, _("\
173 --listing-lhs-width set the width in words of the output data column of\n\
175 --listing-lhs-width2 set the width in words of the continuation lines\n\
176 of the output data column; ignored if smaller than\n\
177 the width of the first line\n\
178 --listing-rhs-width set the max width in characters of the lines from\n\
180 --listing-cont-lines set the maximum number of continuation lines used\n\
181 for the output data column of the listing\n"));
183 md_show_usage (stream);
188 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
189 #define EMULATION_ENVIRON "AS_EMULATION"
191 extern struct emulation mipsbelf, mipslelf, mipself;
192 extern struct emulation mipsbecoff, mipslecoff, mipsecoff;
193 extern struct emulation i386coff, i386elf;
195 static struct emulation *const emulations[] = { EMULATIONS };
196 static const int n_emulations = sizeof (emulations) / sizeof (emulations[0]);
198 static void select_emulation_mode PARAMS ((int, char **));
201 select_emulation_mode (argc, argv)
208 for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
209 if (!strncmp ("--em", argv[i], 4))
215 p = strchr (argv[i], '=');
222 as_fatal (_("missing emulation mode name"));
227 em = getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON);
229 em = DEFAULT_EMULATION;
233 for (i = 0; i < n_emulations; i++)
234 if (!strcmp (emulations[i]->name, em))
236 if (i == n_emulations)
237 as_fatal (_("unrecognized emulation name `%s'"), em);
238 this_emulation = emulations[i];
241 this_emulation = emulations[0];
243 this_emulation->init ();
247 default_emul_bfd_name ()
256 this_format = this_emulation->format;
258 if (this_emulation->leading_underscore == 2)
259 this_emulation->leading_underscore = this_format->dfl_leading_underscore;
261 if (this_emulation->default_endian != 2)
262 target_big_endian = this_emulation->default_endian;
264 if (this_emulation->fake_label_name == 0)
266 if (this_emulation->leading_underscore)
267 this_emulation->fake_label_name = "L0\001";
269 /* What other parameters should we test? */
270 this_emulation->fake_label_name = ".L0\001";
276 * Since it is easy to do here we interpret the special arg "-"
277 * to mean "use stdin" and we set that argv[] pointing to "".
278 * After we have munged argv[], the only things left are source file
279 * name(s) and ""(s) denoting stdin. These file names are used
280 * (perhaps more than once) later.
282 * check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
283 * md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c
287 parse_args (pargc, pargv)
291 int old_argc, new_argc;
292 char **old_argv, **new_argv;
294 /* Starting the short option string with '-' is for programs that
295 expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
296 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
297 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. */
300 extern CONST char *md_shortopts;
301 static const char std_shortopts[] =
304 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
305 /* -K is not meaningful if .word is not being hacked. */
308 'L', 'M', 'R', 'W', 'Z', 'f', 'a', ':', ':', 'D', 'I', ':', 'o', ':',
310 /* -v takes an argument on VMS, so we don't make it a generic
315 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also --itbl below) */
319 struct option *longopts;
320 extern struct option md_longopts[];
321 extern size_t md_longopts_size;
322 static const struct option std_longopts[] = {
323 #define OPTION_HELP (OPTION_STD_BASE)
324 {"help", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_HELP},
325 {"keep-locals", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
326 {"mri", no_argument, NULL, 'M'},
327 #define OPTION_NOCPP (OPTION_STD_BASE + 1)
328 {"nocpp", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NOCPP},
329 #define OPTION_STATISTICS (OPTION_STD_BASE + 2)
330 {"statistics", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_STATISTICS},
331 #define OPTION_VERSION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 3)
332 {"version", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERSION},
333 #define OPTION_DUMPCONFIG (OPTION_STD_BASE + 4)
334 {"dump-config", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_DUMPCONFIG},
335 #define OPTION_VERBOSE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 5)
336 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERBOSE},
337 #define OPTION_EMULATION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 6)
338 {"emulation", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_EMULATION},
339 #define OPTION_DEFSYM (OPTION_STD_BASE + 7)
340 {"defsym", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_DEFSYM},
341 #define OPTION_INSTTBL (OPTION_STD_BASE + 8)
342 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also -t above).
343 The "-t file" or "--itbl file" option extends the basic set of
344 valid instructions by reading "file", a text file containing a
345 list of instruction formats. The additional opcodes and their
346 formats are added to the built-in set of instructions, and
347 mnemonics for new registers may also be defined. */
348 {"itbl", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_INSTTBL},
349 #define OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH (OPTION_STD_BASE + 9)
350 {"listing-lhs-width", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH},
351 #define OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2 (OPTION_STD_BASE + 10)
352 {"listing-lhs-width", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2},
353 #define OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH (OPTION_STD_BASE + 11)
354 {"listing-rhs-width", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH},
355 #define OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES (OPTION_STD_BASE + 12)
356 {"listing-cont-lines", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES},
357 #define OPTION_DEPFILE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 13)
358 {"MD", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_DEPFILE},
359 #define OPTION_GSTABS (OPTION_STD_BASE + 14)
360 {"gstabs", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_GSTABS},
361 #define OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 15)
362 {"strip-local-absolute", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE},
363 #define OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT (OPTION_STD_BASE + 16)
364 {"traditional-format", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT}
367 /* Construct the option lists from the standard list and the
368 target dependent list. */
369 shortopts = concat (std_shortopts, md_shortopts, (char *) NULL);
370 longopts = (struct option *) xmalloc (sizeof (std_longopts) + md_longopts_size);
371 memcpy (longopts, std_longopts, sizeof (std_longopts));
372 memcpy ((char *) longopts + sizeof (std_longopts),
373 md_longopts, md_longopts_size);
375 /* Make a local copy of the old argv. */
379 /* Initialize a new argv that contains no options. */
380 new_argv = (char **) xmalloc (sizeof (char *) * (old_argc + 1));
381 new_argv[0] = old_argv[0];
383 new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
387 /* getopt_long_only is like getopt_long, but '-' as well as '--' can
388 indicate a long option. */
390 int optc = getopt_long_only (old_argc, old_argv, shortopts, longopts,
399 /* md_parse_option should return 1 if it recognizes optc,
401 if (md_parse_option (optc, optarg) != 0)
403 /* `-v' isn't included in the general short_opts list, so check for
404 it explicity here before deciding we've gotten a bad argument. */
408 /* Telling getopt to treat -v's value as optional can result
409 in it picking up a following filename argument here. The
410 VMS code in md_parse_option can return 0 in that case,
411 but it has no way of pushing the filename argument back. */
412 if (optarg && *optarg)
413 new_argv[new_argc++] = optarg, new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
427 case 1: /* File name. */
428 if (!strcmp (optarg, "-"))
430 new_argv[new_argc++] = optarg;
431 new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
441 case OPTION_STATISTICS:
442 flag_print_statistics = 1;
445 case OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE:
446 flag_strip_local_absolute = 1;
449 case OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT:
450 flag_traditional_format = 1;
454 /* This output is intended to follow the GNU standards document. */
455 printf (_("GNU assembler %s\n"), VERSION);
456 printf (_("Copyright 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"));
458 This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of\n\
459 the GNU General Public License. This program has absolutely no warranty.\n"));
460 printf (_("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s'.\n"),
464 case OPTION_EMULATION:
465 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
466 if (strcmp (optarg, this_emulation->name))
467 as_fatal (_("multiple emulation names specified"));
469 as_fatal (_("emulations not handled in this configuration"));
473 case OPTION_DUMPCONFIG:
474 fprintf (stderr, _("alias = %s\n"), TARGET_ALIAS);
475 fprintf (stderr, _("canonical = %s\n"), TARGET_CANONICAL);
476 fprintf (stderr, _("cpu-type = %s\n"), TARGET_CPU);
477 #ifdef TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
478 fprintf (stderr, _("format = %s\n"), TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT);
481 fprintf (stderr, _("bfd-target = %s\n"), TARGET_FORMAT);
489 struct defsym_list *n;
491 for (s = optarg; *s != '\0' && *s != '='; s++)
494 as_fatal (_("bad defsym; format is --defsym name=value"));
496 i = strtol (s, (char **) NULL, 0);
497 n = (struct defsym_list *) xmalloc (sizeof *n);
508 /* optarg is the name of the file containing the instruction
509 formats, opcodes, register names, etc. */
510 struct itbl_file_list *n;
514 as_warn ( _("No file name following -t option\n") );
518 n = (struct itbl_file_list *) xmalloc (sizeof *n);
519 n->next = itbl_files;
523 /* Parse the file and add the new instructions to our internal
524 table. If multiple instruction tables are specified, the
525 information from this table gets appended onto the existing
527 itbl_files->name = xstrdup (optarg);
528 if (itbl_parse (itbl_files->name) != 0)
530 fprintf (stderr, _("Failed to read instruction table %s\n"),
538 start_dependencies (optarg);
542 debug_type = DEBUG_STABS;
546 flag_signed_overflow_ok = 1;
549 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
551 flag_warn_displacement = 1;
556 flag_keep_locals = 1;
559 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH:
560 listing_lhs_width = atoi(optarg);
561 if (listing_lhs_width_second < listing_lhs_width)
562 listing_lhs_width_second = listing_lhs_width;
564 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2:
566 int tmp = atoi(optarg);
567 if (tmp > listing_lhs_width)
568 listing_lhs_width_second = tmp;
571 case OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH:
572 listing_rhs_width = atoi(optarg);
574 case OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES:
575 listing_lhs_cont_lines = atoi(optarg);
586 flag_readonly_data_in_text = 1;
590 flag_no_warnings = 1;
594 flag_always_generate_output = 1;
605 listing |= LISTING_NOCOND;
608 listing |= LISTING_NODEBUG;
611 listing |= LISTING_HLL;
614 listing |= LISTING_LISTING;
617 listing |= LISTING_MACEXP;
620 listing |= LISTING_NOFORM;
623 listing |= LISTING_SYMBOLS;
626 listing_filename = xstrdup (optarg + 1);
627 optarg += strlen (listing_filename);
630 as_fatal (_("invalid listing option `%c'"), *optarg);
637 listing = LISTING_DEFAULT;
641 /* DEBUG is implemented: it debugs different */
642 /* things from other people's assemblers. */
647 flag_no_comments = 1;
651 { /* Include file directory */
652 char *temp = xstrdup (optarg);
653 add_include_dir (temp);
658 out_file_name = xstrdup (optarg);
665 /* -X means treat warnings as errors */
677 static long start_time;
688 start_time = get_run_time ();
690 setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, "");
691 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
692 textdomain (PACKAGE);
697 extern long _bfd_chunksize;
703 #ifdef HOST_SPECIAL_INIT
704 HOST_SPECIAL_INIT (argc, argv);
708 xmalloc_set_program_name (myname);
710 START_PROGRESS (myname, 0);
712 #ifndef OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
713 #define OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME "a.out"
716 out_file_name = OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME;
721 bfd_set_error_program_name (myname);
724 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
725 select_emulation_mode (argc, argv);
732 parse_args (&argc, &argv);
734 input_scrub_begin ();
737 if (flag_print_statistics)
738 xatexit (dump_statistics);
743 macro_strip_at = flag_mri;
746 /* For compatibility with the AMD 29K family macro assembler
752 macro_init (macro_alternate, flag_mri, macro_strip_at, macro_expr);
757 output_file_create (out_file_name);
758 assert (stdoutput != 0);
761 #ifdef tc_init_after_args
762 tc_init_after_args ();
767 /* Now that we have fully initialized, and have created the output
768 file, define any symbols requested by --defsym command line
770 while (defsyms != NULL)
773 struct defsym_list *next;
775 sym = symbol_new (defsyms->name, absolute_section, defsyms->value,
777 symbol_table_insert (sym);
778 next = defsyms->next;
785 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc, argv); /* Assemble it. */
787 cond_finish_check (-1);
793 if (seen_at_least_1_file ()
794 && (flag_always_generate_output || had_errors () == 0))
799 #if defined (BFD_ASSEMBLER) || !defined (BFD)
800 /* This used to be done at the start of write_object_file in
801 write.c, but that caused problems when doing listings when
802 keep_it was zero. This could probably be moved above md_end, but
803 I didn't want to risk the change. */
808 write_object_file ();
811 listing_print (listing_filename);
814 #ifndef OBJ_VMS /* does its own file handling */
815 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
818 output_file_close (out_file_name);
821 if (had_errors () > 0 && ! flag_always_generate_output)
825 unlink (out_file_name);
829 END_PROGRESS (myname);
831 /* Use xexit instead of return, because under VMS environments they
832 may not place the same interpretation on the value given. */
833 if (had_errors () > 0)
834 xexit (EXIT_FAILURE);
836 /* Only generate dependency file if assembler was successful. */
837 print_dependencies ();
839 xexit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
845 extern char **environ;
847 char *lim = (char *) sbrk (0);
849 long run_time = get_run_time () - start_time;
851 fprintf (stderr, _("%s: total time in assembly: %ld.%06ld\n"),
852 myname, run_time / 1000000, run_time % 1000000);
854 fprintf (stderr, _("%s: data size %ld\n"),
855 myname, (long) (lim - (char *) &environ));
858 subsegs_print_statistics (stderr);
859 write_print_statistics (stderr);
860 symbol_print_statistics (stderr);
861 read_print_statistics (stderr);
863 #ifdef tc_print_statistics
864 tc_print_statistics (stderr);
866 #ifdef obj_print_statistics
867 obj_print_statistics (stderr);
872 /* perform_an_assembly_pass()
874 * Here to attempt 1 pass over each input file.
875 * We scan argv[*] looking for filenames or exactly "" which is
876 * shorthand for stdin. Any argv that is NULL is not a file-name.
877 * We set need_pass_2 TRUE if, after this, we still have unresolved
878 * expressions of the form (unknown value)+-(unknown value).
880 * Note the un*x semantics: there is only 1 logical input file, but it
881 * may be a catenation of many 'physical' input files.
884 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc, argv)
895 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
899 for (i = SEG_E0; i < SEG_UNKNOWN; i++)
900 segment_info[i].fix_root = 0;
902 /* Create the three fixed ones */
907 seg = subseg_new (".wtext", 0);
909 seg = subseg_new (".text", 0);
911 assert (seg == SEG_E0);
912 seg = subseg_new (".data", 0);
913 assert (seg == SEG_E1);
914 seg = subseg_new (".bss", 0);
915 assert (seg == SEG_E2);
917 create_target_segments ();
921 #else /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
922 text_fix_root = NULL;
923 data_fix_root = NULL;
925 #endif /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
926 #else /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
927 /* Create the standard sections, and those the assembler uses
929 text_section = subseg_new (TEXT_SECTION_NAME, 0);
930 data_section = subseg_new (DATA_SECTION_NAME, 0);
931 bss_section = subseg_new (BSS_SECTION_NAME, 0);
932 /* @@ FIXME -- we're setting the RELOC flag so that sections are assumed
933 to have relocs, otherwise we don't find out in time. */
934 applicable = bfd_applicable_section_flags (stdoutput);
935 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, text_section,
936 applicable & (SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC
937 | SEC_CODE | SEC_READONLY));
938 /* @@ FIXME -- SEC_CODE seems to mean code only, rather than code possibly.*/
939 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, data_section,
940 applicable & (SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC));
941 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, bss_section, applicable & SEC_ALLOC);
942 seg_info (bss_section)->bss = 1;
943 subseg_new (BFD_ABS_SECTION_NAME, 0);
944 subseg_new (BFD_UND_SECTION_NAME, 0);
945 reg_section = subseg_new ("*GAS `reg' section*", 0);
946 expr_section = subseg_new ("*GAS `expr' section*", 0);
948 #endif /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
950 subseg_set (text_section, 0);
952 /* This may add symbol table entries, which requires having an open BFD,
953 and sections already created, in BFD_ASSEMBLER mode. */
960 argv++; /* skip argv[0] */
961 argc--; /* skip argv[0] */
965 { /* Is it a file-name argument? */
968 /* argv->"" if stdin desired, else->filename */
969 read_a_source_file (*argv);
971 argv++; /* completed that argv */
974 read_a_source_file ("");
975 } /* perform_an_assembly_pass() */
977 /* The interface between the macro code and gas expression handling. */
980 macro_expr (emsg, idx, in, val)
991 hold = input_line_pointer;
992 input_line_pointer = in->ptr + idx;
994 idx = input_line_pointer - in->ptr;
995 input_line_pointer = hold;
997 if (ex.X_op != O_constant)
1000 *val = (int) ex.X_add_number;