1 .\" Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation
2 .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
4 .TH ar 1 "5 November 1991" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools"
12 ar\(em\&create, modify, and extract from archives.
17 .BR ar " [\|" "-" "\|]"\c
32 \& program creates, modifies, and extracts from
35 \& is a single file holding a collection of
36 other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve
37 the original individual files (called \c
41 The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
42 group are preserved in the archive, and may be reconstituted on
47 \& can maintain archives whose members have names of any
48 length; however, depending on how \c
50 \& is configured on your
51 system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed (for compatibility
52 with archive formats maintained with other tools). If it exists, the
53 limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
54 characters (typical of formats related to coff).
58 \& is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
59 are most often used as \c
61 \& holding commonly needed
66 \& will create an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
67 object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier `\|\c
70 Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever \c
73 makes a change to its contents (save for the `\|\c
75 \|' update operation).
76 An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
77 allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
78 their placement in the archive.
84 \|' to list this index
85 table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of \c
90 \& can be used to add just the table.
94 \& insists on at least two arguments to execute: one
95 keyletter specifying the \c
97 \& (optionally accompanied by other
98 keyletters specifying \c
100 \&), and the archive name to act on.
102 Most operations can also accept further \c
105 specifying particular files to operate on.
110 \& allows you to mix the operation code \c
115 \& in any order, within the first command-line argument.
117 If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
122 \& keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
123 any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
129 \& modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
132 \&; the archive is untouched if you
133 specify no files to delete.
135 If you specify the `\|\c
139 \& will list each module
144 Use this operation to \c
146 \& members in an archive.
148 The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
149 programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
152 If no modifiers are used with \c
154 \&, any members you name in the
157 \& arguments are moved to the \c
160 you can use the `\|\c
166 \|' modifiers to move them to a
167 specified place instead.
173 \& the specified members of the archive, to the standard
174 output file. If the `\|\c
176 \|' modifier is specified, show the member
177 name before copying its contents to standard output.
181 \&, all the files in the archive are printed.
192 without checking for replacement.
203 operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
209 \& list each file as it is appended.
211 Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table
212 index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use `\|\c
217 \& explicitly to update the symbol table index.
228 operation differs from `\|\c
230 \|' in that any previously existing members
231 are deleted if their names match those being added.
233 If one of the files named in \c
238 displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
239 of the archive matching that name.
241 By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
242 use one of the modifiers `\|\c
249 placement relative to some existing member.
253 \|' used with this operation elicits a line of
254 output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters `\|\c
259 \|' to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
260 deleted) or replaced.
266 \& listing the contents of \c
269 of the files listed in \c
271 \& that are present in the
272 archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
273 see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
274 request that by also specifying the `\|\c
278 If you do not specify any \c
280 \&, all files in the archive
283 If there is more than one file with the same name (say, `\|\c
286 an archive (say `\|\c
290 \|' will list only the
291 first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
292 listing\(em\&in our example, `\|\c
302 \&) from the archive. You can
305 \|' modifier with this operation, to request that
308 \& list each name as it extracts it.
310 If you do not specify any \c
312 \&, all files in the archive
317 A number of modifiers (\c
319 \&) may immediately follow the \c
322 keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
328 \& an existing member of the
329 archive. If you use the modifier \c
331 \&, the name of an existing archive
332 member must be present as the \c
334 \& argument, before the
343 \& an existing member of the
344 archive. If you use the modifier \c
346 \&, the name of an existing archive
347 member must be present as the \c
349 \& argument, before the
352 \& specification. (same as `\|\c
360 \& the archive. The specified \c
363 created if it didn't exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
364 issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
371 \& an existing member of the
372 archive. If you use the modifier \c
374 \&, the name of an existing archive
375 member must be present as the \c
377 \& argument, before the
380 \& specification. (same as `\|\c
386 This modifier is accepted but not used.
392 \& dates of members when extracting them. If
393 you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
394 will be stamped with the time of extraction.
398 Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
399 even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
400 flag either with any operation, or alone. Running `\|\c
403 archive is equivalent to running `\|\c
411 \&.\|.\|. inserts all files
412 listed into the archive. If you would like to insert \c
415 of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
416 names, use this modifier. The `\|\c
418 \|' modifier is allowed only for the
421 \|' (replace). In particular, the combination `\|\c
424 not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
425 advantage from the operation `\|\c
431 This modifier requests the \c
433 \& version of an operation. Many
434 operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
435 when the modifier `\|\c
442 .RB "`\|" binutils "\|'"
448 The GNU Binary Utilities\c
449 , Roland H. Pesch (October 1991).
456 Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
458 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
459 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
460 are preserved on all copies.
462 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
463 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
464 entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
465 permission notice identical to this one.
467 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
468 manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
469 versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
470 translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
471 the original English.