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Commit | Line | Data |
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22433fc5 MY |
1 | # Backward compatibility |
2 | asflags-y += $(EXTRA_AFLAGS) | |
3 | ccflags-y += $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) | |
4 | cppflags-y += $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) | |
5 | ldflags-y += $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS) | |
6 | ||
7 | # | |
8 | # flags that take effect in sub directories | |
9 | export KBUILD_SUBDIR_ASFLAGS := $(KBUILD_SUBDIR_ASFLAGS) $(subdir-asflags-y) | |
10 | export KBUILD_SUBDIR_CCFLAGS := $(KBUILD_SUBDIR_CCFLAGS) $(subdir-ccflags-y) | |
11 | ||
12 | # Figure out what we need to build from the various variables | |
13 | # =========================================================================== | |
14 | ||
15 | # When an object is listed to be built compiled-in and modular, | |
16 | # only build the compiled-in version | |
17 | ||
18 | obj-m := $(filter-out $(obj-y),$(obj-m)) | |
19 | ||
20 | # Libraries are always collected in one lib file. | |
21 | # Filter out objects already built-in | |
22 | ||
23 | lib-y := $(filter-out $(obj-y), $(sort $(lib-y) $(lib-m))) | |
24 | ||
25 | ||
26 | # Handle objects in subdirs | |
27 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
28 | # o if we encounter foo/ in $(obj-y), replace it by foo/built-in.o | |
29 | # and add the directory to the list of dirs to descend into: $(subdir-y) | |
45f0ad95 | 30 | # o if we encounter foo/ in $(obj-m), remove it from $(obj-m) |
22433fc5 MY |
31 | # and add the directory to the list of dirs to descend into: $(subdir-m) |
32 | ||
33 | # Determine modorder. | |
34 | # Unfortunately, we don't have information about ordering between -y | |
35 | # and -m subdirs. Just put -y's first. | |
36 | modorder := $(patsubst %/,%/modules.order, $(filter %/, $(obj-y)) $(obj-m:.o=.ko)) | |
37 | ||
38 | __subdir-y := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(obj-y))) | |
39 | subdir-y += $(__subdir-y) | |
40 | __subdir-m := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(obj-m))) | |
41 | subdir-m += $(__subdir-m) | |
42 | obj-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(obj-y)) | |
43 | obj-m := $(filter-out %/, $(obj-m)) | |
44 | ||
45 | # Subdirectories we need to descend into | |
46 | ||
47 | subdir-ym := $(sort $(subdir-y) $(subdir-m)) | |
48 | ||
45f0ad95 | 49 | # if $(foo-objs) exists, foo.o is a composite object |
22433fc5 MY |
50 | multi-used-y := $(sort $(foreach m,$(obj-y), $(if $(strip $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y))), $(m)))) |
51 | multi-used-m := $(sort $(foreach m,$(obj-m), $(if $(strip $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y))), $(m)))) | |
52 | multi-used := $(multi-used-y) $(multi-used-m) | |
53 | single-used-m := $(sort $(filter-out $(multi-used-m),$(obj-m))) | |
54 | ||
55 | # Build list of the parts of our composite objects, our composite | |
56 | # objects depend on those (obviously) | |
57 | multi-objs-y := $(foreach m, $(multi-used-y), $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y))) | |
58 | multi-objs-m := $(foreach m, $(multi-used-m), $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y))) | |
59 | multi-objs := $(multi-objs-y) $(multi-objs-m) | |
60 | ||
61 | # $(subdir-obj-y) is the list of objects in $(obj-y) which uses dir/ to | |
62 | # tell kbuild to descend | |
63 | subdir-obj-y := $(filter %/built-in.o, $(obj-y)) | |
64 | ||
65 | # $(obj-dirs) is a list of directories that contain object files | |
66 | obj-dirs := $(dir $(multi-objs) $(obj-y)) | |
67 | ||
68 | # Replace multi-part objects by their individual parts, look at local dir only | |
69 | real-objs-y := $(foreach m, $(filter-out $(subdir-obj-y), $(obj-y)), $(if $(strip $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y))),$($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y)),$(m))) $(extra-y) | |
70 | real-objs-m := $(foreach m, $(obj-m), $(if $(strip $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y))),$($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y)),$(m))) | |
71 | ||
72 | # Add subdir path | |
73 | ||
74 | extra-y := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(extra-y)) | |
75 | always := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(always)) | |
76 | targets := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(targets)) | |
77 | modorder := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(modorder)) | |
78 | obj-y := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(obj-y)) | |
79 | obj-m := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(obj-m)) | |
80 | lib-y := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(lib-y)) | |
81 | subdir-obj-y := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(subdir-obj-y)) | |
82 | real-objs-y := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(real-objs-y)) | |
83 | real-objs-m := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(real-objs-m)) | |
84 | single-used-m := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(single-used-m)) | |
85 | multi-used-y := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(multi-used-y)) | |
86 | multi-used-m := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(multi-used-m)) | |
87 | multi-objs-y := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(multi-objs-y)) | |
88 | multi-objs-m := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(multi-objs-m)) | |
89 | subdir-ym := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(subdir-ym)) | |
90 | obj-dirs := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(obj-dirs)) | |
91 | ||
92 | # These flags are needed for modversions and compiling, so we define them here | |
93 | # already | |
45f0ad95 | 94 | # $(modname_flags) #defines KBUILD_MODNAME as the name of the module it will |
22433fc5 MY |
95 | # end up in (or would, if it gets compiled in) |
96 | # Note: Files that end up in two or more modules are compiled without the | |
97 | # KBUILD_MODNAME definition. The reason is that any made-up name would | |
98 | # differ in different configs. | |
99 | name-fix = $(subst $(comma),_,$(subst -,_,$1)) | |
100 | basename_flags = -D"KBUILD_BASENAME=KBUILD_STR($(call name-fix,$(basetarget)))" | |
101 | modname_flags = $(if $(filter 1,$(words $(modname))),\ | |
102 | -D"KBUILD_MODNAME=KBUILD_STR($(call name-fix,$(modname)))") | |
103 | ||
026f9cf2 | 104 | orig_c_flags = $(KBUILD_CPPFLAGS) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) $(KBUILD_SUBDIR_CCFLAGS) \ |
22433fc5 MY |
105 | $(ccflags-y) $(CFLAGS_$(basetarget).o) |
106 | _c_flags = $(filter-out $(CFLAGS_REMOVE_$(basetarget).o), $(orig_c_flags)) | |
3834f417 | 107 | orig_a_flags = $(KBUILD_CPPFLAGS) $(KBUILD_AFLAGS) $(KBUILD_SUBDIR_ASFLAGS) \ |
22433fc5 | 108 | $(asflags-y) $(AFLAGS_$(basetarget).o) |
3834f417 | 109 | _a_flags = $(filter-out $(AFLAGS_REMOVE_$(basetarget).o), $(orig_a_flags)) |
026f9cf2 | 110 | _cpp_flags = $(KBUILD_CPPFLAGS) $(cppflags-y) $(CPPFLAGS_$(@F)) |
22433fc5 MY |
111 | |
112 | # | |
113 | # Enable gcov profiling flags for a file, directory or for all files depending | |
114 | # on variables GCOV_PROFILE_obj.o, GCOV_PROFILE and CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL | |
115 | # (in this order) | |
116 | # | |
117 | ifeq ($(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL),y) | |
118 | _c_flags += $(if $(patsubst n%,, \ | |
119 | $(GCOV_PROFILE_$(basetarget).o)$(GCOV_PROFILE)$(CONFIG_GCOV_PROFILE_ALL)), \ | |
120 | $(CFLAGS_GCOV)) | |
121 | endif | |
122 | ||
98bd0e0d MY |
123 | # |
124 | # Enable address sanitizer flags for kernel except some files or directories | |
125 | # we don't want to check (depends on variables KASAN_SANITIZE_obj.o, KASAN_SANITIZE) | |
126 | # | |
127 | ifeq ($(CONFIG_KASAN),y) | |
128 | _c_flags += $(if $(patsubst n%,, \ | |
129 | $(KASAN_SANITIZE_$(basetarget).o)$(KASAN_SANITIZE)y), \ | |
130 | $(CFLAGS_KASAN)) | |
131 | endif | |
132 | ||
22433fc5 MY |
133 | # If building the kernel in a separate objtree expand all occurrences |
134 | # of -Idir to -I$(srctree)/dir except for absolute paths (starting with '/'). | |
135 | ||
136 | ifeq ($(KBUILD_SRC),) | |
137 | __c_flags = $(_c_flags) | |
138 | __a_flags = $(_a_flags) | |
139 | __cpp_flags = $(_cpp_flags) | |
140 | else | |
141 | ||
142 | # -I$(obj) locates generated .h files | |
143 | # $(call addtree,-I$(obj)) locates .h files in srctree, from generated .c files | |
144 | # and locates generated .h files | |
145 | # FIXME: Replace both with specific CFLAGS* statements in the makefiles | |
146 | __c_flags = $(call addtree,-I$(obj)) $(call flags,_c_flags) | |
147 | __a_flags = $(call flags,_a_flags) | |
148 | __cpp_flags = $(call flags,_cpp_flags) | |
149 | endif | |
150 | ||
6825a95b MY |
151 | # Modified for U-Boot: LINUXINCLUDE -> UBOOTINCLUDE |
152 | c_flags = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(UBOOTINCLUDE) \ | |
22433fc5 MY |
153 | $(__c_flags) $(modkern_cflags) \ |
154 | -D"KBUILD_STR(s)=\#s" $(basename_flags) $(modname_flags) | |
155 | ||
6825a95b | 156 | a_flags = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(UBOOTINCLUDE) \ |
22433fc5 MY |
157 | $(__a_flags) $(modkern_aflags) |
158 | ||
6825a95b | 159 | cpp_flags = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(UBOOTINCLUDE) \ |
22433fc5 MY |
160 | $(__cpp_flags) |
161 | ||
162 | ld_flags = $(LDFLAGS) $(ldflags-y) | |
163 | ||
6ab6b2af | 164 | # Modified for U-Boot |
22433fc5 | 165 | dtc_cpp_flags = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile).pre.tmp -nostdinc \ |
6ab6b2af | 166 | -I$(srctree)/arch/$(ARCH)/dts \ |
5957ac2a | 167 | -I$(srctree)/arch/$(ARCH)/dts/include \ |
22433fc5 MY |
168 | -undef -D__DTS__ |
169 | ||
170 | # Finds the multi-part object the current object will be linked into | |
171 | modname-multi = $(sort $(foreach m,$(multi-used),\ | |
172 | $(if $(filter $(subst $(obj)/,,$*.o), $($(m:.o=-objs)) $($(m:.o=-y))),$(m:.o=)))) | |
173 | ||
cb6e7b0d MY |
174 | # Useful for describing the dependency of composite objects |
175 | # Usage: | |
176 | # $(call multi_depend, multi_used_targets, suffix_to_remove, suffix_to_add) | |
177 | define multi_depend | |
178 | $(foreach m, $(notdir $1), \ | |
179 | $(eval $(obj)/$m: \ | |
180 | $(addprefix $(obj)/, $(foreach s, $3, $($(m:%$(strip $2)=%$(s))))))) | |
181 | endef | |
182 | ||
22433fc5 MY |
183 | ifdef REGENERATE_PARSERS |
184 | ||
185 | # GPERF | |
186 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
187 | quiet_cmd_gperf = GPERF $@ | |
188 | cmd_gperf = gperf -t --output-file $@ -a -C -E -g -k 1,3,$$ -p -t $< | |
189 | ||
190 | .PRECIOUS: $(src)/%.hash.c_shipped | |
191 | $(src)/%.hash.c_shipped: $(src)/%.gperf | |
192 | $(call cmd,gperf) | |
193 | ||
194 | # LEX | |
195 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
196 | LEX_PREFIX = $(if $(LEX_PREFIX_${baseprereq}),$(LEX_PREFIX_${baseprereq}),yy) | |
197 | ||
198 | quiet_cmd_flex = LEX $@ | |
199 | cmd_flex = flex -o$@ -L -P $(LEX_PREFIX) $< | |
200 | ||
201 | .PRECIOUS: $(src)/%.lex.c_shipped | |
202 | $(src)/%.lex.c_shipped: $(src)/%.l | |
203 | $(call cmd,flex) | |
204 | ||
205 | # YACC | |
206 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
207 | YACC_PREFIX = $(if $(YACC_PREFIX_${baseprereq}),$(YACC_PREFIX_${baseprereq}),yy) | |
208 | ||
209 | quiet_cmd_bison = YACC $@ | |
210 | cmd_bison = bison -o$@ -t -l -p $(YACC_PREFIX) $< | |
211 | ||
212 | .PRECIOUS: $(src)/%.tab.c_shipped | |
213 | $(src)/%.tab.c_shipped: $(src)/%.y | |
214 | $(call cmd,bison) | |
215 | ||
216 | quiet_cmd_bison_h = YACC $@ | |
217 | cmd_bison_h = bison -o/dev/null --defines=$@ -t -l -p $(YACC_PREFIX) $< | |
218 | ||
219 | .PRECIOUS: $(src)/%.tab.h_shipped | |
220 | $(src)/%.tab.h_shipped: $(src)/%.y | |
221 | $(call cmd,bison_h) | |
222 | ||
223 | endif | |
224 | ||
225 | # Shipped files | |
226 | # =========================================================================== | |
227 | ||
228 | quiet_cmd_shipped = SHIPPED $@ | |
229 | cmd_shipped = cat $< > $@ | |
230 | ||
231 | $(obj)/%: $(src)/%_shipped | |
232 | $(call cmd,shipped) | |
233 | ||
234 | # Commands useful for building a boot image | |
235 | # =========================================================================== | |
45f0ad95 | 236 | # |
22433fc5 MY |
237 | # Use as following: |
238 | # | |
239 | # target: source(s) FORCE | |
240 | # $(if_changed,ld/objcopy/gzip) | |
241 | # | |
242 | # and add target to extra-y so that we know we have to | |
243 | # read in the saved command line | |
244 | ||
245 | # Linking | |
246 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
247 | ||
248 | quiet_cmd_ld = LD $@ | |
249 | cmd_ld = $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(ldflags-y) $(LDFLAGS_$(@F)) \ | |
45f0ad95 | 250 | $(filter-out FORCE,$^) -o $@ |
22433fc5 MY |
251 | |
252 | # Objcopy | |
253 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
254 | ||
255 | quiet_cmd_objcopy = OBJCOPY $@ | |
256 | cmd_objcopy = $(OBJCOPY) $(OBJCOPYFLAGS) $(OBJCOPYFLAGS_$(@F)) $< $@ | |
257 | ||
258 | # Gzip | |
259 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
260 | ||
261 | quiet_cmd_gzip = GZIP $@ | |
262 | cmd_gzip = (cat $(filter-out FORCE,$^) | gzip -n -f -9 > $@) || \ | |
263 | (rm -f $@ ; false) | |
264 | ||
265 | # DTC | |
266 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
267 | ||
268 | # Generate an assembly file to wrap the output of the device tree compiler | |
269 | quiet_cmd_dt_S_dtb= DTB $@ | |
6ab6b2af | 270 | # Modified for U-Boot |
22433fc5 MY |
271 | cmd_dt_S_dtb= \ |
272 | ( \ | |
22433fc5 | 273 | echo '.section .dtb.init.rodata,"a"'; \ |
5c30bf43 | 274 | echo '.balign 16'; \ |
22433fc5 MY |
275 | echo '.global __dtb_$(*F)_begin'; \ |
276 | echo '__dtb_$(*F)_begin:'; \ | |
277 | echo '.incbin "$<" '; \ | |
278 | echo '__dtb_$(*F)_end:'; \ | |
279 | echo '.global __dtb_$(*F)_end'; \ | |
5c30bf43 | 280 | echo '.balign 16'; \ |
22433fc5 MY |
281 | ) > $@ |
282 | ||
283 | $(obj)/%.dtb.S: $(obj)/%.dtb | |
284 | $(call cmd,dt_S_dtb) | |
285 | ||
286 | quiet_cmd_dtc = DTC $@ | |
6ab6b2af | 287 | # Modified for U-Boot |
98bd0e0d MY |
288 | cmd_dtc = mkdir -p $(dir ${dtc-tmp}) ; \ |
289 | $(CPP) $(dtc_cpp_flags) -x assembler-with-cpp -o $(dtc-tmp) $< ; \ | |
c4aaf2e0 | 290 | $(DTC) -O dtb -o $@ -b 0 \ |
22433fc5 MY |
291 | -i $(dir $<) $(DTC_FLAGS) \ |
292 | -d $(depfile).dtc.tmp $(dtc-tmp) ; \ | |
293 | cat $(depfile).pre.tmp $(depfile).dtc.tmp > $(depfile) | |
294 | ||
295 | $(obj)/%.dtb: $(src)/%.dts FORCE | |
296 | $(call if_changed_dep,dtc) | |
297 | ||
298 | dtc-tmp = $(subst $(comma),_,$(dot-target).dts.tmp) | |
299 | ||
300 | # Bzip2 | |
301 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
302 | ||
303 | # Bzip2 and LZMA do not include size in file... so we have to fake that; | |
304 | # append the size as a 32-bit littleendian number as gzip does. | |
305 | size_append = printf $(shell \ | |
306 | dec_size=0; \ | |
307 | for F in $1; do \ | |
308 | fsize=$$(stat -c "%s" $$F); \ | |
309 | dec_size=$$(expr $$dec_size + $$fsize); \ | |
310 | done; \ | |
311 | printf "%08x\n" $$dec_size | \ | |
312 | sed 's/\(..\)/\1 /g' | { \ | |
313 | read ch0 ch1 ch2 ch3; \ | |
314 | for ch in $$ch3 $$ch2 $$ch1 $$ch0; do \ | |
315 | printf '%s%03o' '\\' $$((0x$$ch)); \ | |
316 | done; \ | |
317 | } \ | |
318 | ) | |
319 | ||
320 | quiet_cmd_bzip2 = BZIP2 $@ | |
321 | cmd_bzip2 = (cat $(filter-out FORCE,$^) | \ | |
322 | bzip2 -9 && $(call size_append, $(filter-out FORCE,$^))) > $@ || \ | |
323 | (rm -f $@ ; false) | |
324 | ||
325 | # Lzma | |
326 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
327 | ||
328 | quiet_cmd_lzma = LZMA $@ | |
329 | cmd_lzma = (cat $(filter-out FORCE,$^) | \ | |
330 | lzma -9 && $(call size_append, $(filter-out FORCE,$^))) > $@ || \ | |
331 | (rm -f $@ ; false) | |
332 | ||
333 | quiet_cmd_lzo = LZO $@ | |
334 | cmd_lzo = (cat $(filter-out FORCE,$^) | \ | |
335 | lzop -9 && $(call size_append, $(filter-out FORCE,$^))) > $@ || \ | |
336 | (rm -f $@ ; false) | |
337 | ||
338 | quiet_cmd_lz4 = LZ4 $@ | |
339 | cmd_lz4 = (cat $(filter-out FORCE,$^) | \ | |
340 | lz4c -l -c1 stdin stdout && $(call size_append, $(filter-out FORCE,$^))) > $@ || \ | |
341 | (rm -f $@ ; false) | |
342 | ||
343 | # U-Boot mkimage | |
344 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
345 | ||
346 | MKIMAGE := $(srctree)/scripts/mkuboot.sh | |
347 | ||
348 | # SRCARCH just happens to match slightly more than ARCH (on sparc), so reduces | |
349 | # the number of overrides in arch makefiles | |
350 | UIMAGE_ARCH ?= $(SRCARCH) | |
351 | UIMAGE_COMPRESSION ?= $(if $(2),$(2),none) | |
352 | UIMAGE_OPTS-y ?= | |
353 | UIMAGE_TYPE ?= kernel | |
354 | UIMAGE_LOADADDR ?= arch_must_set_this | |
355 | UIMAGE_ENTRYADDR ?= $(UIMAGE_LOADADDR) | |
356 | UIMAGE_NAME ?= 'Linux-$(KERNELRELEASE)' | |
357 | UIMAGE_IN ?= $< | |
358 | UIMAGE_OUT ?= $@ | |
359 | ||
360 | quiet_cmd_uimage = UIMAGE $(UIMAGE_OUT) | |
361 | cmd_uimage = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(MKIMAGE) -A $(UIMAGE_ARCH) -O linux \ | |
362 | -C $(UIMAGE_COMPRESSION) $(UIMAGE_OPTS-y) \ | |
363 | -T $(UIMAGE_TYPE) \ | |
364 | -a $(UIMAGE_LOADADDR) -e $(UIMAGE_ENTRYADDR) \ | |
365 | -n $(UIMAGE_NAME) -d $(UIMAGE_IN) $(UIMAGE_OUT) | |
366 | ||
367 | # XZ | |
368 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
369 | # Use xzkern to compress the kernel image and xzmisc to compress other things. | |
370 | # | |
371 | # xzkern uses a big LZMA2 dictionary since it doesn't increase memory usage | |
372 | # of the kernel decompressor. A BCJ filter is used if it is available for | |
373 | # the target architecture. xzkern also appends uncompressed size of the data | |
374 | # using size_append. The .xz format has the size information available at | |
375 | # the end of the file too, but it's in more complex format and it's good to | |
376 | # avoid changing the part of the boot code that reads the uncompressed size. | |
377 | # Note that the bytes added by size_append will make the xz tool think that | |
378 | # the file is corrupt. This is expected. | |
379 | # | |
380 | # xzmisc doesn't use size_append, so it can be used to create normal .xz | |
381 | # files. xzmisc uses smaller LZMA2 dictionary than xzkern, because a very | |
382 | # big dictionary would increase the memory usage too much in the multi-call | |
383 | # decompression mode. A BCJ filter isn't used either. | |
384 | quiet_cmd_xzkern = XZKERN $@ | |
385 | cmd_xzkern = (cat $(filter-out FORCE,$^) | \ | |
386 | sh $(srctree)/scripts/xz_wrap.sh && \ | |
387 | $(call size_append, $(filter-out FORCE,$^))) > $@ || \ | |
388 | (rm -f $@ ; false) | |
389 | ||
390 | quiet_cmd_xzmisc = XZMISC $@ | |
391 | cmd_xzmisc = (cat $(filter-out FORCE,$^) | \ | |
392 | xz --check=crc32 --lzma2=dict=1MiB) > $@ || \ | |
393 | (rm -f $@ ; false) | |
ba8dd775 MY |
394 | |
395 | # Additional commands for U-Boot | |
396 | # | |
397 | # mkimage | |
398 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
399 | quiet_cmd_mkimage = MKIMAGE $@ | |
400 | cmd_mkimage = $(objtree)/tools/mkimage $(MKIMAGEFLAGS_$(@F)) -d $< $@ \ | |
401 | $(if $(KBUILD_VERBOSE:1=), >/dev/null) |