Merge tag 'vfs-6.13-rc7.fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

[J-linux.git] / fs / file.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 *  linux/fs/file.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1998-1999, Stephen Tweedie and Bill Hawes
 *
 *  Manage the dynamic fd arrays in the process files_struct.
 */

#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/fdtable.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/close_range.h>
#include <linux/file_ref.h>
#include <net/sock.h>
#include <linux/init_task.h>

#include "internal.h"

/**
 * __file_ref_put - Slowpath of file_ref_put()
 * @ref:        Pointer to the reference count
 * @cnt:        Current reference count
 *
 * Invoked when the reference count is outside of the valid zone.
 *
 * Return:
 *      True if this was the last reference with no future references
 *      possible. This signals the caller that it can safely schedule the
 *      object, which is protected by the reference counter, for
 *      deconstruction.
 *
 *      False if there are still active references or the put() raced
 *      with a concurrent get()/put() pair. Caller is not allowed to
 *      deconstruct the protected object.
 */
bool __file_ref_put(file_ref_t *ref, unsigned long cnt)
{
        /* Did this drop the last reference? */
        if (likely(cnt == FILE_REF_NOREF)) {
                /*
                 * Carefully try to set the reference count to FILE_REF_DEAD.
                 *
                 * This can fail if a concurrent get() operation has
                 * elevated it again or the corresponding put() even marked
                 * it dead already. Both are valid situations and do not
                 * require a retry. If this fails the caller is not
                 * allowed to deconstruct the object.
                 */
                if (!atomic_long_try_cmpxchg_release(&ref->refcnt, &cnt, FILE_REF_DEAD))
                        return false;

                /*
                 * The caller can safely schedule the object for
                 * deconstruction. Provide acquire ordering.
                 */
                smp_acquire__after_ctrl_dep();
                return true;
        }

        /*
         * If the reference count was already in the dead zone, then this
         * put() operation is imbalanced. Warn, put the reference count back to
         * DEAD and tell the caller to not deconstruct the object.
         */
        if (WARN_ONCE(cnt >= FILE_REF_RELEASED, "imbalanced put on file reference count")) {
                atomic_long_set(&ref->refcnt, FILE_REF_DEAD);
                return false;
        }

        /*
         * This is a put() operation on a saturated refcount. Restore the
         * mean saturation value and tell the caller to not deconstruct the
         * object.
         */
        if (cnt > FILE_REF_MAXREF)
                atomic_long_set(&ref->refcnt, FILE_REF_SATURATED);
        return false;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__file_ref_put);

unsigned int sysctl_nr_open __read_mostly = 1024*1024;
unsigned int sysctl_nr_open_min = BITS_PER_LONG;
/* our min() is unusable in constant expressions ;-/ */
#define __const_min(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
unsigned int sysctl_nr_open_max =
        __const_min(INT_MAX, ~(size_t)0/sizeof(void *)) & -BITS_PER_LONG;

static void __free_fdtable(struct fdtable *fdt)
{
        kvfree(fdt->fd);
        kvfree(fdt->open_fds);
        kfree(fdt);
}

static void free_fdtable_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
{
        __free_fdtable(container_of(rcu, struct fdtable, rcu));
}

#define BITBIT_NR(nr)   BITS_TO_LONGS(BITS_TO_LONGS(nr))
#define BITBIT_SIZE(nr) (BITBIT_NR(nr) * sizeof(long))

#define fdt_words(fdt) ((fdt)->max_fds / BITS_PER_LONG) // words in ->open_fds
/*
 * Copy 'count' fd bits from the old table to the new table and clear the extra
 * space if any.  This does not copy the file pointers.  Called with the files
 * spinlock held for write.
 */
static inline void copy_fd_bitmaps(struct fdtable *nfdt, struct fdtable *ofdt,
                            unsigned int copy_words)
{
        unsigned int nwords = fdt_words(nfdt);

        bitmap_copy_and_extend(nfdt->open_fds, ofdt->open_fds,
                        copy_words * BITS_PER_LONG, nwords * BITS_PER_LONG);
        bitmap_copy_and_extend(nfdt->close_on_exec, ofdt->close_on_exec,
                        copy_words * BITS_PER_LONG, nwords * BITS_PER_LONG);
        bitmap_copy_and_extend(nfdt->full_fds_bits, ofdt->full_fds_bits,
                        copy_words, nwords);
}

/*
 * Copy all file descriptors from the old table to the new, expanded table and
 * clear the extra space.  Called with the files spinlock held for write.
 */
static void copy_fdtable(struct fdtable *nfdt, struct fdtable *ofdt)
{
        size_t cpy, set;

        BUG_ON(nfdt->max_fds < ofdt->max_fds);

        cpy = ofdt->max_fds * sizeof(struct file *);
        set = (nfdt->max_fds - ofdt->max_fds) * sizeof(struct file *);
        memcpy(nfdt->fd, ofdt->fd, cpy);
        memset((char *)nfdt->fd + cpy, 0, set);

        copy_fd_bitmaps(nfdt, ofdt, fdt_words(ofdt));
}

/*
 * Note how the fdtable bitmap allocations very much have to be a multiple of
 * BITS_PER_LONG. This is not only because we walk those things in chunks of
 * 'unsigned long' in some places, but simply because that is how the Linux
 * kernel bitmaps are defined to work: they are not "bits in an array of bytes",
 * they are very much "bits in an array of unsigned long".
 */
static struct fdtable *alloc_fdtable(unsigned int slots_wanted)
{
        struct fdtable *fdt;
        unsigned int nr;
        void *data;

        /*
         * Figure out how many fds we actually want to support in this fdtable.
         * Allocation steps are keyed to the size of the fdarray, since it
         * grows far faster than any of the other dynamic data. We try to fit
         * the fdarray into comfortable page-tuned chunks: starting at 1024B
         * and growing in powers of two from there on.  Since we called only
         * with slots_wanted > BITS_PER_LONG (embedded instance in files->fdtab
         * already gives BITS_PER_LONG slots), the above boils down to
         * 1.  use the smallest power of two large enough to give us that many
         * slots.
         * 2.  on 32bit skip 64 and 128 - the minimal capacity we want there is
         * 256 slots (i.e. 1Kb fd array).
         * 3.  on 64bit don't skip anything, 1Kb fd array means 128 slots there
         * and we are never going to be asked for 64 or less.
         */
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_32BIT) && slots_wanted < 256)
                nr = 256;
        else
                nr = roundup_pow_of_two(slots_wanted);
        /*
         * Note that this can drive nr *below* what we had passed if sysctl_nr_open
         * had been set lower between the check in expand_files() and here.
         *
         * We make sure that nr remains a multiple of BITS_PER_LONG - otherwise
         * bitmaps handling below becomes unpleasant, to put it mildly...
         */
        if (unlikely(nr > sysctl_nr_open)) {
                nr = round_down(sysctl_nr_open, BITS_PER_LONG);
                if (nr < slots_wanted)
                        return ERR_PTR(-EMFILE);
        }

        fdt = kmalloc(sizeof(struct fdtable), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
        if (!fdt)
                goto out;
        fdt->max_fds = nr;
        data = kvmalloc_array(nr, sizeof(struct file *), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
        if (!data)
                goto out_fdt;
        fdt->fd = data;

        data = kvmalloc(max_t(size_t,
                                 2 * nr / BITS_PER_BYTE + BITBIT_SIZE(nr), L1_CACHE_BYTES),
                                 GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
        if (!data)
                goto out_arr;
        fdt->open_fds = data;
        data += nr / BITS_PER_BYTE;
        fdt->close_on_exec = data;
        data += nr / BITS_PER_BYTE;
        fdt->full_fds_bits = data;

        return fdt;

out_arr:
        kvfree(fdt->fd);
out_fdt:
        kfree(fdt);
out:
        return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
}

/*
 * Expand the file descriptor table.
 * This function will allocate a new fdtable and both fd array and fdset, of
 * the given size.
 * Return <0 error code on error; 0 on successful completion.
 * The files->file_lock should be held on entry, and will be held on exit.
 */
static int expand_fdtable(struct files_struct *files, unsigned int nr)
        __releases(files->file_lock)
        __acquires(files->file_lock)
{
        struct fdtable *new_fdt, *cur_fdt;

        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
        new_fdt = alloc_fdtable(nr + 1);

        /* make sure all fd_install() have seen resize_in_progress
         * or have finished their rcu_read_lock_sched() section.
         */
        if (atomic_read(&files->count) > 1)
                synchronize_rcu();

        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        if (IS_ERR(new_fdt))
                return PTR_ERR(new_fdt);
        cur_fdt = files_fdtable(files);
        BUG_ON(nr < cur_fdt->max_fds);
        copy_fdtable(new_fdt, cur_fdt);
        rcu_assign_pointer(files->fdt, new_fdt);
        if (cur_fdt != &files->fdtab)
                call_rcu(&cur_fdt->rcu, free_fdtable_rcu);
        /* coupled with smp_rmb() in fd_install() */
        smp_wmb();
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Expand files.
 * This function will expand the file structures, if the requested size exceeds
 * the current capacity and there is room for expansion.
 * Return <0 error code on error; 0 on success.
 * The files->file_lock should be held on entry, and will be held on exit.
 */
static int expand_files(struct files_struct *files, unsigned int nr)
        __releases(files->file_lock)
        __acquires(files->file_lock)
{
        struct fdtable *fdt;
        int error;

repeat:
        fdt = files_fdtable(files);

        /* Do we need to expand? */
        if (nr < fdt->max_fds)
                return 0;

        /* Can we expand? */
        if (nr >= sysctl_nr_open)
                return -EMFILE;

        if (unlikely(files->resize_in_progress)) {
                spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
                wait_event(files->resize_wait, !files->resize_in_progress);
                spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
                goto repeat;
        }

        /* All good, so we try */
        files->resize_in_progress = true;
        error = expand_fdtable(files, nr);
        files->resize_in_progress = false;

        wake_up_all(&files->resize_wait);
        return error;
}

static inline void __set_close_on_exec(unsigned int fd, struct fdtable *fdt,
                                       bool set)
{
        if (set) {
                __set_bit(fd, fdt->close_on_exec);
        } else {
                if (test_bit(fd, fdt->close_on_exec))
                        __clear_bit(fd, fdt->close_on_exec);
        }
}

static inline void __set_open_fd(unsigned int fd, struct fdtable *fdt, bool set)
{
        __set_bit(fd, fdt->open_fds);
        __set_close_on_exec(fd, fdt, set);
        fd /= BITS_PER_LONG;
        if (!~fdt->open_fds[fd])
                __set_bit(fd, fdt->full_fds_bits);
}

static inline void __clear_open_fd(unsigned int fd, struct fdtable *fdt)
{
        __clear_bit(fd, fdt->open_fds);
        fd /= BITS_PER_LONG;
        if (test_bit(fd, fdt->full_fds_bits))
                __clear_bit(fd, fdt->full_fds_bits);
}

static inline bool fd_is_open(unsigned int fd, const struct fdtable *fdt)
{
        return test_bit(fd, fdt->open_fds);
}

/*
 * Note that a sane fdtable size always has to be a multiple of
 * BITS_PER_LONG, since we have bitmaps that are sized by this.
 *
 * punch_hole is optional - when close_range() is asked to unshare
 * and close, we don't need to copy descriptors in that range, so
 * a smaller cloned descriptor table might suffice if the last
 * currently opened descriptor falls into that range.
 */
static unsigned int sane_fdtable_size(struct fdtable *fdt, struct fd_range *punch_hole)
{
        unsigned int last = find_last_bit(fdt->open_fds, fdt->max_fds);

        if (last == fdt->max_fds)
                return NR_OPEN_DEFAULT;
        if (punch_hole && punch_hole->to >= last && punch_hole->from <= last) {
                last = find_last_bit(fdt->open_fds, punch_hole->from);
                if (last == punch_hole->from)
                        return NR_OPEN_DEFAULT;
        }
        return ALIGN(last + 1, BITS_PER_LONG);
}

/*
 * Allocate a new descriptor table and copy contents from the passed in
 * instance.  Returns a pointer to cloned table on success, ERR_PTR()
 * on failure.  For 'punch_hole' see sane_fdtable_size().
 */
struct files_struct *dup_fd(struct files_struct *oldf, struct fd_range *punch_hole)
{
        struct files_struct *newf;
        struct file **old_fds, **new_fds;
        unsigned int open_files, i;
        struct fdtable *old_fdt, *new_fdt;

        newf = kmem_cache_alloc(files_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!newf)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        atomic_set(&newf->count, 1);

        spin_lock_init(&newf->file_lock);
        newf->resize_in_progress = false;
        init_waitqueue_head(&newf->resize_wait);
        newf->next_fd = 0;
        new_fdt = &newf->fdtab;
        new_fdt->max_fds = NR_OPEN_DEFAULT;
        new_fdt->close_on_exec = newf->close_on_exec_init;
        new_fdt->open_fds = newf->open_fds_init;
        new_fdt->full_fds_bits = newf->full_fds_bits_init;
        new_fdt->fd = &newf->fd_array[0];

        spin_lock(&oldf->file_lock);
        old_fdt = files_fdtable(oldf);
        open_files = sane_fdtable_size(old_fdt, punch_hole);

        /*
         * Check whether we need to allocate a larger fd array and fd set.
         */
        while (unlikely(open_files > new_fdt->max_fds)) {
                spin_unlock(&oldf->file_lock);

                if (new_fdt != &newf->fdtab)
                        __free_fdtable(new_fdt);

                new_fdt = alloc_fdtable(open_files);
                if (IS_ERR(new_fdt)) {
                        kmem_cache_free(files_cachep, newf);
                        return ERR_CAST(new_fdt);
                }

                /*
                 * Reacquire the oldf lock and a pointer to its fd table
                 * who knows it may have a new bigger fd table. We need
                 * the latest pointer.
                 */
                spin_lock(&oldf->file_lock);
                old_fdt = files_fdtable(oldf);
                open_files = sane_fdtable_size(old_fdt, punch_hole);
        }

        copy_fd_bitmaps(new_fdt, old_fdt, open_files / BITS_PER_LONG);

        old_fds = old_fdt->fd;
        new_fds = new_fdt->fd;

        for (i = open_files; i != 0; i--) {
                struct file *f = *old_fds++;
                if (f) {
                        get_file(f);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * The fd may be claimed in the fd bitmap but not yet
                         * instantiated in the files array if a sibling thread
                         * is partway through open().  So make sure that this
                         * fd is available to the new process.
                         */
                        __clear_open_fd(open_files - i, new_fdt);
                }
                rcu_assign_pointer(*new_fds++, f);
        }
        spin_unlock(&oldf->file_lock);

        /* clear the remainder */
        memset(new_fds, 0, (new_fdt->max_fds - open_files) * sizeof(struct file *));

        rcu_assign_pointer(newf->fdt, new_fdt);

        return newf;
}

static struct fdtable *close_files(struct files_struct * files)
{
        /*
         * It is safe to dereference the fd table without RCU or
         * ->file_lock because this is the last reference to the
         * files structure.
         */
        struct fdtable *fdt = rcu_dereference_raw(files->fdt);
        unsigned int i, j = 0;

        for (;;) {
                unsigned long set;
                i = j * BITS_PER_LONG;
                if (i >= fdt->max_fds)
                        break;
                set = fdt->open_fds[j++];
                while (set) {
                        if (set & 1) {
                                struct file *file = fdt->fd[i];
                                if (file) {
                                        filp_close(file, files);
                                        cond_resched();
                                }
                        }
                        i++;
                        set >>= 1;
                }
        }

        return fdt;
}

void put_files_struct(struct files_struct *files)
{
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&files->count)) {
                struct fdtable *fdt = close_files(files);

                /* free the arrays if they are not embedded */
                if (fdt != &files->fdtab)
                        __free_fdtable(fdt);
                kmem_cache_free(files_cachep, files);
        }
}

void exit_files(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
        struct files_struct * files = tsk->files;

        if (files) {
                task_lock(tsk);
                tsk->files = NULL;
                task_unlock(tsk);
                put_files_struct(files);
        }
}

struct files_struct init_files = {
        .count          = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
        .fdt            = &init_files.fdtab,
        .fdtab          = {
                .max_fds        = NR_OPEN_DEFAULT,
                .fd             = &init_files.fd_array[0],
                .close_on_exec  = init_files.close_on_exec_init,
                .open_fds       = init_files.open_fds_init,
                .full_fds_bits  = init_files.full_fds_bits_init,
        },
        .file_lock      = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(init_files.file_lock),
        .resize_wait    = __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(init_files.resize_wait),
};

static unsigned int find_next_fd(struct fdtable *fdt, unsigned int start)
{
        unsigned int maxfd = fdt->max_fds; /* always multiple of BITS_PER_LONG */
        unsigned int maxbit = maxfd / BITS_PER_LONG;
        unsigned int bitbit = start / BITS_PER_LONG;
        unsigned int bit;

        /*
         * Try to avoid looking at the second level bitmap
         */
        bit = find_next_zero_bit(&fdt->open_fds[bitbit], BITS_PER_LONG,
                                 start & (BITS_PER_LONG - 1));
        if (bit < BITS_PER_LONG)
                return bit + bitbit * BITS_PER_LONG;

        bitbit = find_next_zero_bit(fdt->full_fds_bits, maxbit, bitbit) * BITS_PER_LONG;
        if (bitbit >= maxfd)
                return maxfd;
        if (bitbit > start)
                start = bitbit;
        return find_next_zero_bit(fdt->open_fds, maxfd, start);
}

/*
 * allocate a file descriptor, mark it busy.
 */
static int alloc_fd(unsigned start, unsigned end, unsigned flags)
{
        struct files_struct *files = current->files;
        unsigned int fd;
        int error;
        struct fdtable *fdt;

        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
repeat:
        fdt = files_fdtable(files);
        fd = start;
        if (fd < files->next_fd)
                fd = files->next_fd;

        if (likely(fd < fdt->max_fds))
                fd = find_next_fd(fdt, fd);

        /*
         * N.B. For clone tasks sharing a files structure, this test
         * will limit the total number of files that can be opened.
         */
        error = -EMFILE;
        if (unlikely(fd >= end))
                goto out;

        if (unlikely(fd >= fdt->max_fds)) {
                error = expand_files(files, fd);
                if (error < 0)
                        goto out;

                goto repeat;
        }

        if (start <= files->next_fd)
                files->next_fd = fd + 1;

        __set_open_fd(fd, fdt, flags & O_CLOEXEC);
        error = fd;

out:
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
        return error;
}

int __get_unused_fd_flags(unsigned flags, unsigned long nofile)
{
        return alloc_fd(0, nofile, flags);
}

int get_unused_fd_flags(unsigned flags)
{
        return __get_unused_fd_flags(flags, rlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_unused_fd_flags);

static void __put_unused_fd(struct files_struct *files, unsigned int fd)
{
        struct fdtable *fdt = files_fdtable(files);
        __clear_open_fd(fd, fdt);
        if (fd < files->next_fd)
                files->next_fd = fd;
}

void put_unused_fd(unsigned int fd)
{
        struct files_struct *files = current->files;
        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        __put_unused_fd(files, fd);
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_unused_fd);

/*
 * Install a file pointer in the fd array.
 *
 * The VFS is full of places where we drop the files lock between
 * setting the open_fds bitmap and installing the file in the file
 * array.  At any such point, we are vulnerable to a dup2() race
 * installing a file in the array before us.  We need to detect this and
 * fput() the struct file we are about to overwrite in this case.
 *
 * It should never happen - if we allow dup2() do it, _really_ bad things
 * will follow.
 *
 * This consumes the "file" refcount, so callers should treat it
 * as if they had called fput(file).
 */

void fd_install(unsigned int fd, struct file *file)
{
        struct files_struct *files = current->files;
        struct fdtable *fdt;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(unlikely(file->f_mode & FMODE_BACKING)))
                return;

        rcu_read_lock_sched();

        if (unlikely(files->resize_in_progress)) {
                rcu_read_unlock_sched();
                spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
                fdt = files_fdtable(files);
                WARN_ON(fdt->fd[fd] != NULL);
                rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], file);
                spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
                return;
        }
        /* coupled with smp_wmb() in expand_fdtable() */
        smp_rmb();
        fdt = rcu_dereference_sched(files->fdt);
        BUG_ON(fdt->fd[fd] != NULL);
        rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], file);
        rcu_read_unlock_sched();
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(fd_install);

/**
 * file_close_fd_locked - return file associated with fd
 * @files: file struct to retrieve file from
 * @fd: file descriptor to retrieve file for
 *
 * Doesn't take a separate reference count.
 *
 * Context: files_lock must be held.
 *
 * Returns: The file associated with @fd (NULL if @fd is not open)
 */
struct file *file_close_fd_locked(struct files_struct *files, unsigned fd)
{
        struct fdtable *fdt = files_fdtable(files);
        struct file *file;

        lockdep_assert_held(&files->file_lock);

        if (fd >= fdt->max_fds)
                return NULL;

        fd = array_index_nospec(fd, fdt->max_fds);
        file = fdt->fd[fd];
        if (file) {
                rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], NULL);
                __put_unused_fd(files, fd);
        }
        return file;
}

int close_fd(unsigned fd)
{
        struct files_struct *files = current->files;
        struct file *file;

        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        file = file_close_fd_locked(files, fd);
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
        if (!file)
                return -EBADF;

        return filp_close(file, files);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(close_fd);

/**
 * last_fd - return last valid index into fd table
 * @fdt: File descriptor table.
 *
 * Context: Either rcu read lock or files_lock must be held.
 *
 * Returns: Last valid index into fdtable.
 */
static inline unsigned last_fd(struct fdtable *fdt)
{
        return fdt->max_fds - 1;
}

static inline void __range_cloexec(struct files_struct *cur_fds,
                                   unsigned int fd, unsigned int max_fd)
{
        struct fdtable *fdt;

        /* make sure we're using the correct maximum value */
        spin_lock(&cur_fds->file_lock);
        fdt = files_fdtable(cur_fds);
        max_fd = min(last_fd(fdt), max_fd);
        if (fd <= max_fd)
                bitmap_set(fdt->close_on_exec, fd, max_fd - fd + 1);
        spin_unlock(&cur_fds->file_lock);
}

static inline void __range_close(struct files_struct *files, unsigned int fd,
                                 unsigned int max_fd)
{
        struct file *file;
        unsigned n;

        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        n = last_fd(files_fdtable(files));
        max_fd = min(max_fd, n);

        for (; fd <= max_fd; fd++) {
                file = file_close_fd_locked(files, fd);
                if (file) {
                        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
                        filp_close(file, files);
                        cond_resched();
                        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
                } else if (need_resched()) {
                        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
                        cond_resched();
                        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
                }
        }
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
}

/**
 * sys_close_range() - Close all file descriptors in a given range.
 *
 * @fd:     starting file descriptor to close
 * @max_fd: last file descriptor to close
 * @flags:  CLOSE_RANGE flags.
 *
 * This closes a range of file descriptors. All file descriptors
 * from @fd up to and including @max_fd are closed.
 * Currently, errors to close a given file descriptor are ignored.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(close_range, unsigned int, fd, unsigned int, max_fd,
                unsigned int, flags)
{
        struct task_struct *me = current;
        struct files_struct *cur_fds = me->files, *fds = NULL;

        if (flags & ~(CLOSE_RANGE_UNSHARE | CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (fd > max_fd)
                return -EINVAL;

        if ((flags & CLOSE_RANGE_UNSHARE) && atomic_read(&cur_fds->count) > 1) {
                struct fd_range range = {fd, max_fd}, *punch_hole = &range;

                /*
                 * If the caller requested all fds to be made cloexec we always
                 * copy all of the file descriptors since they still want to
                 * use them.
                 */
                if (flags & CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC)
                        punch_hole = NULL;

                fds = dup_fd(cur_fds, punch_hole);
                if (IS_ERR(fds))
                        return PTR_ERR(fds);
                /*
                 * We used to share our file descriptor table, and have now
                 * created a private one, make sure we're using it below.
                 */
                swap(cur_fds, fds);
        }

        if (flags & CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC)
                __range_cloexec(cur_fds, fd, max_fd);
        else
                __range_close(cur_fds, fd, max_fd);

        if (fds) {
                /*
                 * We're done closing the files we were supposed to. Time to install
                 * the new file descriptor table and drop the old one.
                 */
                task_lock(me);
                me->files = cur_fds;
                task_unlock(me);
                put_files_struct(fds);
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * file_close_fd - return file associated with fd
 * @fd: file descriptor to retrieve file for
 *
 * Doesn't take a separate reference count.
 *
 * Returns: The file associated with @fd (NULL if @fd is not open)
 */
struct file *file_close_fd(unsigned int fd)
{
        struct files_struct *files = current->files;
        struct file *file;

        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        file = file_close_fd_locked(files, fd);
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);

        return file;
}

void do_close_on_exec(struct files_struct *files)
{
        unsigned i;
        struct fdtable *fdt;

        /* exec unshares first */
        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        for (i = 0; ; i++) {
                unsigned long set;
                unsigned fd = i * BITS_PER_LONG;
                fdt = files_fdtable(files);
                if (fd >= fdt->max_fds)
                        break;
                set = fdt->close_on_exec[i];
                if (!set)
                        continue;
                fdt->close_on_exec[i] = 0;
                for ( ; set ; fd++, set >>= 1) {
                        struct file *file;
                        if (!(set & 1))
                                continue;
                        file = fdt->fd[fd];
                        if (!file)
                                continue;
                        rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], NULL);
                        __put_unused_fd(files, fd);
                        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
                        filp_close(file, files);
                        cond_resched();
                        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
                }

        }
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
}

static struct file *__get_file_rcu(struct file __rcu **f)
{
        struct file __rcu *file;
        struct file __rcu *file_reloaded;
        struct file __rcu *file_reloaded_cmp;

        file = rcu_dereference_raw(*f);
        if (!file)
                return NULL;

        if (unlikely(!file_ref_get(&file->f_ref)))
                return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);

        file_reloaded = rcu_dereference_raw(*f);

        /*
         * Ensure that all accesses have a dependency on the load from
         * rcu_dereference_raw() above so we get correct ordering
         * between reuse/allocation and the pointer check below.
         */
        file_reloaded_cmp = file_reloaded;
        OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(file_reloaded_cmp);

        /*
         * file_ref_get() above provided a full memory barrier when we
         * acquired a reference.
         *
         * This is paired with the write barrier from assigning to the
         * __rcu protected file pointer so that if that pointer still
         * matches the current file, we know we have successfully
         * acquired a reference to the right file.
         *
         * If the pointers don't match the file has been reallocated by
         * SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU.
         */
        if (file == file_reloaded_cmp)
                return file_reloaded;

        fput(file);
        return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
}

/**
 * get_file_rcu - try go get a reference to a file under rcu
 * @f: the file to get a reference on
 *
 * This function tries to get a reference on @f carefully verifying that
 * @f hasn't been reused.
 *
 * This function should rarely have to be used and only by users who
 * understand the implications of SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU. Try to avoid it.
 *
 * Return: Returns @f with the reference count increased or NULL.
 */
struct file *get_file_rcu(struct file __rcu **f)
{
        for (;;) {
                struct file __rcu *file;

                file = __get_file_rcu(f);
                if (!IS_ERR(file))
                        return file;
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_file_rcu);

/**
 * get_file_active - try go get a reference to a file
 * @f: the file to get a reference on
 *
 * In contast to get_file_rcu() the pointer itself isn't part of the
 * reference counting.
 *
 * This function should rarely have to be used and only by users who
 * understand the implications of SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU. Try to avoid it.
 *
 * Return: Returns @f with the reference count increased or NULL.
 */
struct file *get_file_active(struct file **f)
{
        struct file __rcu *file;

        rcu_read_lock();
        file = __get_file_rcu(f);
        rcu_read_unlock();
        if (IS_ERR(file))
                file = NULL;
        return file;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_file_active);

static inline struct file *__fget_files_rcu(struct files_struct *files,
       unsigned int fd, fmode_t mask)
{
        for (;;) {
                struct file *file;
                struct fdtable *fdt = rcu_dereference_raw(files->fdt);
                struct file __rcu **fdentry;
                unsigned long nospec_mask;

                /* Mask is a 0 for invalid fd's, ~0 for valid ones */
                nospec_mask = array_index_mask_nospec(fd, fdt->max_fds);

                /*
                 * fdentry points to the 'fd' offset, or fdt->fd[0].
                 * Loading from fdt->fd[0] is always safe, because the
                 * array always exists.
                 */
                fdentry = fdt->fd + (fd & nospec_mask);

                /* Do the load, then mask any invalid result */
                file = rcu_dereference_raw(*fdentry);
                file = (void *)(nospec_mask & (unsigned long)file);
                if (unlikely(!file))
                        return NULL;

                /*
                 * Ok, we have a file pointer that was valid at
                 * some point, but it might have become stale since.
                 *
                 * We need to confirm it by incrementing the refcount
                 * and then check the lookup again.
                 *
                 * file_ref_get() gives us a full memory barrier. We
                 * only really need an 'acquire' one to protect the
                 * loads below, but we don't have that.
                 */
                if (unlikely(!file_ref_get(&file->f_ref)))
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Such a race can take two forms:
                 *
                 *  (a) the file ref already went down to zero and the
                 *      file hasn't been reused yet or the file count
                 *      isn't zero but the file has already been reused.
                 *
                 *  (b) the file table entry has changed under us.
                 *       Note that we don't need to re-check the 'fdt->fd'
                 *       pointer having changed, because it always goes
                 *       hand-in-hand with 'fdt'.
                 *
                 * If so, we need to put our ref and try again.
                 */
                if (unlikely(file != rcu_dereference_raw(*fdentry)) ||
                    unlikely(rcu_dereference_raw(files->fdt) != fdt)) {
                        fput(file);
                        continue;
                }

                /*
                 * This isn't the file we're looking for or we're not
                 * allowed to get a reference to it.
                 */
                if (unlikely(file->f_mode & mask)) {
                        fput(file);
                        return NULL;
                }

                /*
                 * Ok, we have a ref to the file, and checked that it
                 * still exists.
                 */
                return file;
        }
}

static struct file *__fget_files(struct files_struct *files, unsigned int fd,
                                 fmode_t mask)
{
        struct file *file;

        rcu_read_lock();
        file = __fget_files_rcu(files, fd, mask);
        rcu_read_unlock();

        return file;
}

static inline struct file *__fget(unsigned int fd, fmode_t mask)
{
        return __fget_files(current->files, fd, mask);
}

struct file *fget(unsigned int fd)
{
        return __fget(fd, FMODE_PATH);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(fget);

struct file *fget_raw(unsigned int fd)
{
        return __fget(fd, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(fget_raw);

struct file *fget_task(struct task_struct *task, unsigned int fd)
{
        struct file *file = NULL;

        task_lock(task);
        if (task->files)
                file = __fget_files(task->files, fd, 0);
        task_unlock(task);

        return file;
}

struct file *fget_task_next(struct task_struct *task, unsigned int *ret_fd)
{
        /* Must be called with rcu_read_lock held */
        struct files_struct *files;
        unsigned int fd = *ret_fd;
        struct file *file = NULL;

        task_lock(task);
        files = task->files;
        if (files) {
                rcu_read_lock();
                for (; fd < files_fdtable(files)->max_fds; fd++) {
                        file = __fget_files_rcu(files, fd, 0);
                        if (file)
                                break;
                }
                rcu_read_unlock();
        }
        task_unlock(task);
        *ret_fd = fd;
        return file;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(fget_task_next);

/*
 * Lightweight file lookup - no refcnt increment if fd table isn't shared.
 *
 * You can use this instead of fget if you satisfy all of the following
 * conditions:
 * 1) You must call fput_light before exiting the syscall and returning control
 *    to userspace (i.e. you cannot remember the returned struct file * after
 *    returning to userspace).
 * 2) You must not call filp_close on the returned struct file * in between
 *    calls to fget_light and fput_light.
 * 3) You must not clone the current task in between the calls to fget_light
 *    and fput_light.
 *
 * The fput_needed flag returned by fget_light should be passed to the
 * corresponding fput_light.
 *
 * (As an exception to rule 2, you can call filp_close between fget_light and
 * fput_light provided that you capture a real refcount with get_file before
 * the call to filp_close, and ensure that this real refcount is fput *after*
 * the fput_light call.)
 *
 * See also the documentation in rust/kernel/file.rs.
 */
static inline struct fd __fget_light(unsigned int fd, fmode_t mask)
{
        struct files_struct *files = current->files;
        struct file *file;

        /*
         * If another thread is concurrently calling close_fd() followed
         * by put_files_struct(), we must not observe the old table
         * entry combined with the new refcount - otherwise we could
         * return a file that is concurrently being freed.
         *
         * atomic_read_acquire() pairs with atomic_dec_and_test() in
         * put_files_struct().
         */
        if (likely(atomic_read_acquire(&files->count) == 1)) {
                file = files_lookup_fd_raw(files, fd);
                if (!file || unlikely(file->f_mode & mask))
                        return EMPTY_FD;
                return BORROWED_FD(file);
        } else {
                file = __fget_files(files, fd, mask);
                if (!file)
                        return EMPTY_FD;
                return CLONED_FD(file);
        }
}
struct fd fdget(unsigned int fd)
{
        return __fget_light(fd, FMODE_PATH);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(fdget);

struct fd fdget_raw(unsigned int fd)
{
        return __fget_light(fd, 0);
}

/*
 * Try to avoid f_pos locking. We only need it if the
 * file is marked for FMODE_ATOMIC_POS, and it can be
 * accessed multiple ways.
 *
 * Always do it for directories, because pidfd_getfd()
 * can make a file accessible even if it otherwise would
 * not be, and for directories this is a correctness
 * issue, not a "POSIX requirement".
 */
static inline bool file_needs_f_pos_lock(struct file *file)
{
        return (file->f_mode & FMODE_ATOMIC_POS) &&
                (file_count(file) > 1 || file->f_op->iterate_shared);
}

struct fd fdget_pos(unsigned int fd)
{
        struct fd f = fdget(fd);
        struct file *file = fd_file(f);

        if (file && file_needs_f_pos_lock(file)) {
                f.word |= FDPUT_POS_UNLOCK;
                mutex_lock(&file->f_pos_lock);
        }
        return f;
}

void __f_unlock_pos(struct file *f)
{
        mutex_unlock(&f->f_pos_lock);
}

/*
 * We only lock f_pos if we have threads or if the file might be
 * shared with another process. In both cases we'll have an elevated
 * file count (done either by fdget() or by fork()).
 */

void set_close_on_exec(unsigned int fd, int flag)
{
        struct files_struct *files = current->files;
        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        __set_close_on_exec(fd, files_fdtable(files), flag);
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
}

bool get_close_on_exec(unsigned int fd)
{
        bool res;
        rcu_read_lock();
        res = close_on_exec(fd, current->files);
        rcu_read_unlock();
        return res;
}

static int do_dup2(struct files_struct *files,
        struct file *file, unsigned fd, unsigned flags)
__releases(&files->file_lock)
{
        struct file *tofree;
        struct fdtable *fdt;

        /*
         * We need to detect attempts to do dup2() over allocated but still
         * not finished descriptor.  NB: OpenBSD avoids that at the price of
         * extra work in their equivalent of fget() - they insert struct
         * file immediately after grabbing descriptor, mark it larval if
         * more work (e.g. actual opening) is needed and make sure that
         * fget() treats larval files as absent.  Potentially interesting,
         * but while extra work in fget() is trivial, locking implications
         * and amount of surgery on open()-related paths in VFS are not.
         * FreeBSD fails with -EBADF in the same situation, NetBSD "solution"
         * deadlocks in rather amusing ways, AFAICS.  All of that is out of
         * scope of POSIX or SUS, since neither considers shared descriptor
         * tables and this condition does not arise without those.
         */
        fdt = files_fdtable(files);
        fd = array_index_nospec(fd, fdt->max_fds);
        tofree = fdt->fd[fd];
        if (!tofree && fd_is_open(fd, fdt))
                goto Ebusy;
        get_file(file);
        rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], file);
        __set_open_fd(fd, fdt, flags & O_CLOEXEC);
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);

        if (tofree)
                filp_close(tofree, files);

        return fd;

Ebusy:
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
        return -EBUSY;
}

int replace_fd(unsigned fd, struct file *file, unsigned flags)
{
        int err;
        struct files_struct *files = current->files;

        if (!file)
                return close_fd(fd);

        if (fd >= rlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE))
                return -EBADF;

        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        err = expand_files(files, fd);
        if (unlikely(err < 0))
                goto out_unlock;
        return do_dup2(files, file, fd, flags);

out_unlock:
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
        return err;
}

/**
 * receive_fd() - Install received file into file descriptor table
 * @file: struct file that was received from another process
 * @ufd: __user pointer to write new fd number to
 * @o_flags: the O_* flags to apply to the new fd entry
 *
 * Installs a received file into the file descriptor table, with appropriate
 * checks and count updates. Optionally writes the fd number to userspace, if
 * @ufd is non-NULL.
 *
 * This helper handles its own reference counting of the incoming
 * struct file.
 *
 * Returns newly install fd or -ve on error.
 */
int receive_fd(struct file *file, int __user *ufd, unsigned int o_flags)
{
        int new_fd;
        int error;

        error = security_file_receive(file);
        if (error)
                return error;

        new_fd = get_unused_fd_flags(o_flags);
        if (new_fd < 0)
                return new_fd;

        if (ufd) {
                error = put_user(new_fd, ufd);
                if (error) {
                        put_unused_fd(new_fd);
                        return error;
                }
        }

        fd_install(new_fd, get_file(file));
        __receive_sock(file);
        return new_fd;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(receive_fd);

int receive_fd_replace(int new_fd, struct file *file, unsigned int o_flags)
{
        int error;

        error = security_file_receive(file);
        if (error)
                return error;
        error = replace_fd(new_fd, file, o_flags);
        if (error)
                return error;
        __receive_sock(file);
        return new_fd;
}

static int ksys_dup3(unsigned int oldfd, unsigned int newfd, int flags)
{
        int err = -EBADF;
        struct file *file;
        struct files_struct *files = current->files;

        if ((flags & ~O_CLOEXEC) != 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (unlikely(oldfd == newfd))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (newfd >= rlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE))
                return -EBADF;

        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        err = expand_files(files, newfd);
        file = files_lookup_fd_locked(files, oldfd);
        if (unlikely(!file))
                goto Ebadf;
        if (unlikely(err < 0)) {
                if (err == -EMFILE)
                        goto Ebadf;
                goto out_unlock;
        }
        return do_dup2(files, file, newfd, flags);

Ebadf:
        err = -EBADF;
out_unlock:
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
        return err;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE3(dup3, unsigned int, oldfd, unsigned int, newfd, int, flags)
{
        return ksys_dup3(oldfd, newfd, flags);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE2(dup2, unsigned int, oldfd, unsigned int, newfd)
{
        if (unlikely(newfd == oldfd)) { /* corner case */
                struct files_struct *files = current->files;
                struct file *f;
                int retval = oldfd;

                rcu_read_lock();
                f = __fget_files_rcu(files, oldfd, 0);
                if (!f)
                        retval = -EBADF;
                rcu_read_unlock();
                if (f)
                        fput(f);
                return retval;
        }
        return ksys_dup3(oldfd, newfd, 0);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(dup, unsigned int, fildes)
{
        int ret = -EBADF;
        struct file *file = fget_raw(fildes);

        if (file) {
                ret = get_unused_fd_flags(0);
                if (ret >= 0)
                        fd_install(ret, file);
                else
                        fput(file);
        }
        return ret;
}

int f_dupfd(unsigned int from, struct file *file, unsigned flags)
{
        unsigned long nofile = rlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE);
        int err;
        if (from >= nofile)
                return -EINVAL;
        err = alloc_fd(from, nofile, flags);
        if (err >= 0) {
                get_file(file);
                fd_install(err, file);
        }
        return err;
}

int iterate_fd(struct files_struct *files, unsigned n,
                int (*f)(const void *, struct file *, unsigned),
                const void *p)
{
        struct fdtable *fdt;
        int res = 0;
        if (!files)
                return 0;
        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        for (fdt = files_fdtable(files); n < fdt->max_fds; n++) {
                struct file *file;
                file = rcu_dereference_check_fdtable(files, fdt->fd[n]);
                if (!file)
                        continue;
                res = f(p, file, n);
                if (res)
                        break;
        }
        spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
        return res;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(iterate_fd);