1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Architecture specific (i386/x86_64) functions for kexec based crash dumps.
7 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2004. All rights reserved.
8 * Copyright (C) Red Hat Inc., 2014. All rights reserved.
14 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "kexec: " fmt
16 #include <linux/types.h>
17 #include <linux/kernel.h>
18 #include <linux/smp.h>
19 #include <linux/reboot.h>
20 #include <linux/kexec.h>
21 #include <linux/delay.h>
22 #include <linux/elf.h>
23 #include <linux/elfcore.h>
24 #include <linux/export.h>
25 #include <linux/slab.h>
26 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
27 #include <linux/memblock.h>
29 #include <asm/bootparam.h>
30 #include <asm/processor.h>
31 #include <asm/hardirq.h>
33 #include <asm/hw_irq.h>
35 #include <asm/e820/types.h>
36 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
38 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
40 #include <asm/reboot.h>
41 #include <asm/intel_pt.h>
42 #include <asm/crash.h>
43 #include <asm/cmdline.h>
46 /* Used while preparing memory map entries for second kernel */
47 struct crash_memmap_data {
48 struct boot_params *params;
53 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC)
55 static void kdump_nmi_callback(int cpu, struct pt_regs *regs)
57 crash_save_cpu(regs, cpu);
60 * Disable Intel PT to stop its logging
62 cpu_emergency_stop_pt();
69 void kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus(void)
71 nmi_shootdown_cpus(kdump_nmi_callback);
76 /* Override the weak function in kernel/panic.c */
77 void crash_smp_send_stop(void)
79 static int cpus_stopped;
84 if (smp_ops.crash_stop_other_cpus)
85 smp_ops.crash_stop_other_cpus();
93 void crash_smp_send_stop(void)
95 /* There are no cpus to shootdown */
99 void native_machine_crash_shutdown(struct pt_regs *regs)
101 /* This function is only called after the system
102 * has panicked or is otherwise in a critical state.
103 * The minimum amount of code to allow a kexec'd kernel
104 * to run successfully needs to happen here.
106 * In practice this means shooting down the other cpus in
109 /* The kernel is broken so disable interrupts */
112 crash_smp_send_stop();
114 cpu_emergency_disable_virtualization();
117 * Disable Intel PT to stop its logging
119 cpu_emergency_stop_pt();
121 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC
122 /* Prevent crash_kexec() from deadlocking on ioapic_lock. */
127 restore_boot_irq_mode();
128 #ifdef CONFIG_HPET_TIMER
131 crash_save_cpu(regs, safe_smp_processor_id());
134 #if defined(CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE) || defined(CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG)
135 static int get_nr_ram_ranges_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
137 unsigned int *nr_ranges = arg;
143 /* Gather all the required information to prepare elf headers for ram regions */
144 static struct crash_mem *fill_up_crash_elf_data(void)
146 unsigned int nr_ranges = 0;
147 struct crash_mem *cmem;
149 walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, &nr_ranges, get_nr_ram_ranges_callback);
154 * Exclusion of crash region and/or crashk_low_res may cause
155 * another range split. So add extra two slots here.
158 cmem = vzalloc(struct_size(cmem, ranges, nr_ranges));
162 cmem->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
169 * Look for any unwanted ranges between mstart, mend and remove them. This
170 * might lead to split and split ranges are put in cmem->ranges[] array
172 static int elf_header_exclude_ranges(struct crash_mem *cmem)
176 /* Exclude the low 1M because it is always reserved */
177 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, 0, SZ_1M - 1);
181 /* Exclude crashkernel region */
182 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
186 if (crashk_low_res.end)
187 ret = crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_low_res.start,
193 static int prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
195 struct crash_mem *cmem = arg;
197 cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].start = res->start;
198 cmem->ranges[cmem->nr_ranges].end = res->end;
204 /* Prepare elf headers. Return addr and size */
205 static int prepare_elf_headers(void **addr, unsigned long *sz,
206 unsigned long *nr_mem_ranges)
208 struct crash_mem *cmem;
211 cmem = fill_up_crash_elf_data();
215 ret = walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, cmem, prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback);
219 /* Exclude unwanted mem ranges */
220 ret = elf_header_exclude_ranges(cmem);
224 /* Return the computed number of memory ranges, for hotplug usage */
225 *nr_mem_ranges = cmem->nr_ranges;
227 /* By default prepare 64bit headers */
228 ret = crash_prepare_elf64_headers(cmem, IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64), addr, sz);
236 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE
237 static int add_e820_entry(struct boot_params *params, struct e820_entry *entry)
239 unsigned int nr_e820_entries;
241 nr_e820_entries = params->e820_entries;
242 if (nr_e820_entries >= E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE)
245 memcpy(¶ms->e820_table[nr_e820_entries], entry, sizeof(struct e820_entry));
246 params->e820_entries++;
250 static int memmap_entry_callback(struct resource *res, void *arg)
252 struct crash_memmap_data *cmd = arg;
253 struct boot_params *params = cmd->params;
254 struct e820_entry ei;
256 ei.addr = res->start;
257 ei.size = resource_size(res);
259 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
264 static int memmap_exclude_ranges(struct kimage *image, struct crash_mem *cmem,
265 unsigned long long mstart,
266 unsigned long long mend)
268 unsigned long start, end;
270 cmem->ranges[0].start = mstart;
271 cmem->ranges[0].end = mend;
274 /* Exclude elf header region */
275 start = image->elf_load_addr;
276 end = start + image->elf_headers_sz - 1;
277 return crash_exclude_mem_range(cmem, start, end);
280 /* Prepare memory map for crash dump kernel */
281 int crash_setup_memmap_entries(struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params)
285 struct e820_entry ei;
286 struct crash_memmap_data cmd;
287 struct crash_mem *cmem;
289 cmem = vzalloc(struct_size(cmem, ranges, 1));
293 memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(struct crash_memmap_data));
297 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
298 flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
299 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_NONE, flags, 0, (1<<20)-1, &cmd,
300 memmap_entry_callback);
302 /* Add ACPI tables */
303 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_ACPI;
304 flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
305 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_ACPI_TABLES, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
306 memmap_entry_callback);
308 /* Add ACPI Non-volatile Storage */
309 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_NVS;
310 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_ACPI_NV_STORAGE, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
311 memmap_entry_callback);
313 /* Add e820 reserved ranges */
314 cmd.type = E820_TYPE_RESERVED;
315 flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
316 walk_iomem_res_desc(IORES_DESC_RESERVED, flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
317 memmap_entry_callback);
319 /* Add crashk_low_res region */
320 if (crashk_low_res.end) {
321 ei.addr = crashk_low_res.start;
322 ei.size = resource_size(&crashk_low_res);
323 ei.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
324 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
327 /* Exclude some ranges from crashk_res and add rest to memmap */
328 ret = memmap_exclude_ranges(image, cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
332 for (i = 0; i < cmem->nr_ranges; i++) {
333 ei.size = cmem->ranges[i].end - cmem->ranges[i].start + 1;
335 /* If entry is less than a page, skip it */
336 if (ei.size < PAGE_SIZE)
338 ei.addr = cmem->ranges[i].start;
339 ei.type = E820_TYPE_RAM;
340 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
348 int crash_load_segments(struct kimage *image)
351 unsigned long pnum = 0;
352 struct kexec_buf kbuf = { .image = image, .buf_min = 0,
353 .buf_max = ULONG_MAX, .top_down = false };
355 /* Prepare elf headers and add a segment */
356 ret = prepare_elf_headers(&kbuf.buffer, &kbuf.bufsz, &pnum);
360 image->elf_headers = kbuf.buffer;
361 image->elf_headers_sz = kbuf.bufsz;
362 kbuf.memsz = kbuf.bufsz;
364 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG
366 * The elfcorehdr segment size accounts for VMCOREINFO, kernel_map,
367 * maximum CPUs and maximum memory ranges.
369 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG))
370 pnum = 2 + CONFIG_NR_CPUS_DEFAULT + CONFIG_CRASH_MAX_MEMORY_RANGES;
372 pnum += 2 + CONFIG_NR_CPUS_DEFAULT;
374 if (pnum < (unsigned long)PN_XNUM) {
375 kbuf.memsz = pnum * sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
376 kbuf.memsz += sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr);
378 image->elfcorehdr_index = image->nr_segments;
380 /* Mark as usable to crash kernel, else crash kernel fails on boot */
381 image->elf_headers_sz = kbuf.memsz;
383 pr_err("number of Phdrs %lu exceeds max\n", pnum);
387 kbuf.buf_align = ELF_CORE_HEADER_ALIGN;
388 kbuf.mem = KEXEC_BUF_MEM_UNKNOWN;
389 ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
392 image->elf_load_addr = kbuf.mem;
393 kexec_dprintk("Loaded ELF headers at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n",
394 image->elf_load_addr, kbuf.bufsz, kbuf.memsz);
398 #endif /* CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE */
400 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_HOTPLUG
403 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "crash hp: " fmt
405 /* These functions provide the value for the sysfs crash_hotplug nodes */
406 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
407 int arch_crash_hotplug_cpu_support(void)
409 return crash_check_update_elfcorehdr();
413 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
414 int arch_crash_hotplug_memory_support(void)
416 return crash_check_update_elfcorehdr();
420 unsigned int arch_crash_get_elfcorehdr_size(void)
424 /* kernel_map, VMCOREINFO and maximum CPUs */
425 sz = 2 + CONFIG_NR_CPUS_DEFAULT;
426 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG))
427 sz += CONFIG_CRASH_MAX_MEMORY_RANGES;
428 sz *= sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
433 * arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event() - Handle hotplug elfcorehdr changes
434 * @image: a pointer to kexec_crash_image
436 * Prepare the new elfcorehdr and replace the existing elfcorehdr.
438 void arch_crash_handle_hotplug_event(struct kimage *image)
440 void *elfbuf = NULL, *old_elfcorehdr;
441 unsigned long nr_mem_ranges;
442 unsigned long mem, memsz;
443 unsigned long elfsz = 0;
446 * As crash_prepare_elf64_headers() has already described all
447 * possible CPUs, there is no need to update the elfcorehdr
448 * for additional CPU changes.
450 if ((image->file_mode || image->elfcorehdr_updated) &&
451 ((image->hp_action == KEXEC_CRASH_HP_ADD_CPU) ||
452 (image->hp_action == KEXEC_CRASH_HP_REMOVE_CPU)))
456 * Create the new elfcorehdr reflecting the changes to CPU and/or
459 if (prepare_elf_headers(&elfbuf, &elfsz, &nr_mem_ranges)) {
460 pr_err("unable to create new elfcorehdr");
465 * Obtain address and size of the elfcorehdr segment, and
466 * check it against the new elfcorehdr buffer.
468 mem = image->segment[image->elfcorehdr_index].mem;
469 memsz = image->segment[image->elfcorehdr_index].memsz;
471 pr_err("update elfcorehdr elfsz %lu > memsz %lu",
477 * Copy new elfcorehdr over the old elfcorehdr at destination.
479 old_elfcorehdr = kmap_local_page(pfn_to_page(mem >> PAGE_SHIFT));
480 if (!old_elfcorehdr) {
481 pr_err("mapping elfcorehdr segment failed\n");
486 * Temporarily invalidate the crash image while the
487 * elfcorehdr is updated.
489 xchg(&kexec_crash_image, NULL);
490 memcpy_flushcache(old_elfcorehdr, elfbuf, elfsz);
491 xchg(&kexec_crash_image, image);
492 kunmap_local(old_elfcorehdr);
493 pr_debug("updated elfcorehdr\n");