Scott Wood [Wed, 12 Jun 2013 20:32:51 +0000 (15:32 -0500)]
kvm/openpic: in-kernel mpic support
Enables support for the in-kernel MPIC that thas been merged into the
KVM next branch. This includes irqfd/KVM_IRQ_LINE support from Alex
Graf (along with some other improvements).
Note from Alex regarding kvm_irqchip_create():
On x86, one would call kvm_irqchip_create() to initialize an
in-kernel interrupt controller. That function then goes ahead and
initializes global capability variables as well as the default irq
routing table.
On ppc, we can't call kvm_irqchip_create() because we can have
different types of interrupt controllers. So we want to do all the
things that function would do for us in the in-kernel device init
handler.
Signed-off-by: Scott Wood <[email protected]>
[agraf: squash in kvm_irqchip_commit_routes patch, fix non-kvm build,
fix ppcemb] Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <[email protected]>
Alexander Graf [Fri, 28 Jun 2013 11:47:15 +0000 (13:47 +0200)]
PPC: Add non-kvm stub file
There are cases where a kvm provided function is called from generic
hw code that doesn't know whether kvm is available or not. Provide
a stub file which can provide simple replacement functions for those
cases.
Alexander Graf [Tue, 16 Apr 2013 23:11:55 +0000 (01:11 +0200)]
KVM: PIC: Only commit irq routing when necessary
The current logic updates KVM's view of our interrupt map every time we
change it. While this is nice and bullet proof, it slows things down
badly for me. QEMU spends about 3 seconds on every start telling KVM what
news it has on its routing maps.
Instead, let's just synchronize the whole irq routing map as a whole when
we're done constructing it. For things that change during runtime, we can
still update the routing table on demand.
Alexander Graf [Tue, 16 Apr 2013 13:05:22 +0000 (15:05 +0200)]
KVM: MSI: Swap payload to native endianness
The usual MSI injection mechanism writes msi.data into memory using an
le32 wrapper. So on big endian guests, this swaps msg.data into the
expected byte order.
For irqfd however, we don't swap the payload right now, rendering
in-kernel MPIC emulation broken on PowerPC.
Swap msg.data to the correct endianness whenever we touch it.
Anthony Liguori [Fri, 28 Jun 2013 20:48:35 +0000 (15:48 -0500)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'mjt/trivial-patches' into staging
# By Gerd Hoffmann (13) and Michael Tokarev (1)
# Via Michael Tokarev
* mjt/trivial-patches:
doc: we use seabios, not bochs bios
qemu-socket: don't leak opts on error
qemu-char: report udp backend errors
qemu-char: add -chardev mux support
qemu-char: minor mux chardev fixes
qemu-char: use ChardevBackendKind in CharDriver
qemu-char: don't leak opts on error
qemu-char: fix documentation for telnet+wait socket flags
qemu-char: print notification to stderr
qemu-char: use more specific error_setg_* variants
qemu-char: check optional fields using has_*
qemu-socket: catch monitor_get_fd failures
qemu-socket: drop pointless allocation
qemu-socket: zero-initialize SocketAddress
qemu-char: Fix ID reuse after chardev-remove for qapi-based init
Commit 2c5f488 introduced qapi-based character device initialization
as a new code path in qemu_chr_new_from_opts(). Unfortunately, it
failed to store parameter opts in the new chardev. Therefore,
qemu_chr_delete() doesn't delete it. Even though the device is gone,
its options linger, and any attempt to create another one with the
same ID fails.
Gerd Hoffmann [Tue, 25 Jun 2013 08:48:54 +0000 (10:48 +0200)]
gtk: add support for surface conversion
Also use CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24 unconditionally. DisplaySurfaces will never
ever see 8bpp surfaces. And using CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565 for the 16bpp
case doesn't seem to be a good idea too.
<quote src="/usr/include/cairo/cairo.h">
* @CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565: This format value is deprecated. It has
* never been properly implemented in cairo and should not be used
* by applications. (since 1.2)
</quote>
Kevin Wolf [Sun, 23 Jun 2013 20:07:45 +0000 (22:07 +0200)]
multiboot: Calculate upper_mem in the ROM
The upper_mem field of the Multiboot information struct doesn't really
contain the RAM size - 1 MB like we used to calculate it, but only the
memory from 1 MB up to the first (upper) memory hole.
In order to correctly retrieve this information, the multiboot ROM now
looks at the mmap it creates anyway and tries to find the size of
contiguous usable memory from 1 MB.
Drop the multiboot.c definition of lower_mem and upper_mem because both
are queried at runtime now.
Kevin Wolf [Sun, 23 Jun 2013 20:07:44 +0000 (22:07 +0200)]
multiboot: Don't forget last mmap entry
When the BIOS returns ebx = 0, the current entry is still valid and
needs to be included in the Multiboot memory map.
Fixing this meant that using bx as the entry index doesn't work any
more because it's 0 on the last entry (and it was SeaBIOS-specific
anyway), so the whole loop had to change a bit and should be more
generic as a result (ebx can be an arbitrary continuation number now,
and the entry size returned by the BIOS is used instead of hard-coding
20 bytes).
Stefan Weil [Thu, 27 Jun 2013 19:00:06 +0000 (21:00 +0200)]
arch_init: Fix format string by using RAM_ADDR_FMT
length is a ram_addr_t, so RAM_ADDR_FMT must be used instead of %ld.
This fixes a recently introduced regression for w64 builds.
Using RAM_ADDR_FMT also changes decimal output to sedecimal.
This is good here because length and block->length should both
use the same base in the error message.
Gerd Hoffmann [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 06:39:53 +0000 (08:39 +0200)]
qemu-char: minor mux chardev fixes
mux failure path has a memory leak. creating a mux chardev can't
fail though, so just assert() that instead of fixing an error path
which never ever runs anyway ...
Anthony Liguori [Fri, 28 Jun 2013 15:37:33 +0000 (10:37 -0500)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'kwolf/for-anthony' into staging
# By Stefan Hajnoczi (11) and others
# Via Kevin Wolf
* kwolf/for-anthony:
cmd646: fix build when DEBUG_IDE is enabled.
block: change default of .has_zero_init to 0
vpc: Implement .bdrv_has_zero_init
vmdk: remove wrong calculation of relative path
gluster: Return bdrv_has_zero_init = 0
block/ssh: Set bdrv_has_zero_init according to the file type.
block: Make BlockJobTypes const
qemu-iotests: add 055 drive-backup test case
qemu-iotests: extract wait_until_completed() into iotests.py
blockdev: add Abort transaction
blockdev: add DriveBackup transaction
blockdev: allow BdrvActionOps->commit() to be NULL
blockdev: rename BlkTransactionStates to singular
block: add drive-backup QMP command
blockdev: use bdrv_getlength() in qmp_drive_mirror()
blockdev: drop redundant proto_drv check
block: add basic backup support to block driver
block: add bdrv_add_before_write_notifier()
notify: add NotiferWithReturn so notifier list can abort
raw-posix: Fix /dev/cdrom magic on OS X
Peter Lieven [Fri, 28 Jun 2013 10:47:42 +0000 (12:47 +0200)]
block: change default of .has_zero_init to 0
.has_zero_init defaults to 1 for all formats and protocols.
this is a dangerous default since this means that all
new added drivers need to manually overwrite it to 0 if
they do not ensure that a device is zero initialized
after bdrv_create().
if a driver needs to explicitly set this value to
1 its easier to verify the correctness in the review process.
during review of the existing drivers it turned out
that ssh and gluster had a wrong default of 1.
both protocols support host_devices as backend
which are not by default zero initialized. this
wrong assumption will lead to possible corruption
if qemu-img convert is used to write to such a backend.
vpc and vmdk also defaulted to 1 altough they support
fixed respectively flat extends. this has to be addresses
in separate patches. both formats as well as the mentioned
ssh and gluster are turned to the default of 0 with this
patch for safety.
a similar problem with the wrong default existed for
iscsi most likely because the driver developer did
oversee the default value of 1.
Andreas Färber [Sat, 2 Feb 2013 12:59:05 +0000 (13:59 +0100)]
target-openrisc: Register VMStateDescription for OpenRISCCPU
Since commit e67db06e9f6d7e514ee2a9b9b769ecd42977f6fb (target-or32: Add
target stubs and QOM cpu) a VMStateDescription existed, but
CPU_SAVE_VERSION was not set, so it was never registered.
Drop cpu_{save,load}() and register VMStateDescription via DeviceState.
Use a version_id of 1 and specify minimum versions as well.
Andreas Färber [Sun, 20 Jan 2013 23:27:16 +0000 (00:27 +0100)]
target-alpha: Register VMStateDescription for AlphaCPU
Commit b758aca1f6cdb175634812b79f5560c36c902d00 (target-alpha: Enable
the alpha-softmmu target.) introduced cpu_{save,load}() functions but
didn't define CPU_SAVE_VERSION, so they were never registered.
Drop cpu_{save,load}() and register the VMStateDescription via DeviceClass.
This operates on the AlphaCPU object instead of CPUAlphaState.
Andreas Färber [Tue, 18 Jun 2013 00:23:36 +0000 (02:23 +0200)]
cpu: Introduce device_class_set_vmsd() helper
It's the equivalent to cpu_class_set_vmsd(), to assign
DeviceClass::vmsd. It wasn't needed before since only static,
unmigratable VMStateDescriptions were assigned so far.
Kevin Wolf [Fri, 28 Jun 2013 08:21:00 +0000 (10:21 +0200)]
vpc: Implement .bdrv_has_zero_init
Depending on the subformat, has_zero_init on VHD must behave like raw
and query the underlying storage (fixed) or like other sparse formats
that can always return 1 (dynamic, differencing).
Fam Zheng [Wed, 26 Jun 2013 09:24:32 +0000 (17:24 +0800)]
vmdk: remove wrong calculation of relative path
When creating image with backing file, the driver tries to calculate the
relative path from created image file to backing file, but the path
computation is incorrect. e.g.:
The common part in file names, "vmdk-data-", is incorrectly forgotten by
relative_path(). As the VMDK specification has no restriction on
parentNameHint to be relative path, we simply remove this by using the
backing_file option.
Kevin Wolf [Wed, 26 Jun 2013 07:41:57 +0000 (09:41 +0200)]
gluster: Return bdrv_has_zero_init = 0
GlusterFS volumes can be backed by block devices, in which case
bdrv_create() doesn't make sure that the image is zeroed out. It is
currently not possibly to detect whether a given image is backed by a
file or a block device, and incorrectly assuming that it is zeroed
corrupts images during qemu-img convert, so let's err on the side of
caution and always return 0.
block/ssh: Set bdrv_has_zero_init according to the file type.
If the remote is a regular file, set it to true (ie. reads of
uninitialized areas in a newly created file will return zeroes).
If we can't prove that, return false (a safe default).
Tested by adding a debugging print statement [not part of this commit]
and creating a remote file and a remote block device:
Stefan Hajnoczi [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 15:13:19 +0000 (17:13 +0200)]
qemu-iotests: extract wait_until_completed() into iotests.py
The 'drive-mirror' tests often issue 'block-job-complete' and wait for
the QMP completion event. Other types of block jobs also want to wait
for completion but they may not need to issue 'block-job-complete'.
Extract wait_until_completed() from 041 and put it into iotests.py.
Return the QMP event object so the caller can make additional
assertions, if necessary.
Stefan Hajnoczi [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 15:13:18 +0000 (17:13 +0200)]
blockdev: add Abort transaction
The Abort action can be used to test QMP 'transaction' failure. Add it
as the last action to exercise the .abort() and .cleanup() code paths
for all previous actions.
Stefan Hajnoczi [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 15:13:17 +0000 (17:13 +0200)]
blockdev: add DriveBackup transaction
This patch adds a transactional version of the drive-backup QMP command.
It allows atomic snapshots of multiple drives along with automatic
cleanup if there is a failure to start one of the backup jobs.
Note that QMP events are emitted for block job completion/cancellation
and the block job will be listed by query-block-jobs.
@device: the name of the device whose writes should be mirrored.
@target: the target of the new image. If the file exists, or if it
is a device, the existing file/device will be used as the new
destination. If it does not exist, a new file will be created.
@format: #optional the format of the new destination, default is to
probe if @mode is 'existing', else the format of the source
@mode: #optional whether and how QEMU should create a new image, default is
'absolute-paths'.
@speed: #optional the maximum speed, in bytes per second
@on-source-error: #optional the action to take on an error on the source,
default 'report'. 'stop' and 'enospc' can only be used
if the block device supports io-status (see BlockInfo).
@on-target-error: #optional the action to take on an error on the target,
default 'report' (no limitations, since this applies to
a different block device than @device).
Stefan Hajnoczi [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 15:13:16 +0000 (17:13 +0200)]
blockdev: allow BdrvActionOps->commit() to be NULL
Some QMP 'transaction' types don't need to do anything on .commit().
Make .commit() optional just like .abort().
The "drive-backup" action will take advantage of this, it only needs to
cancel the block job on .abort(). Other block job actions will probably
follow the same pattern, so allow .commit() to be NULL.
Stefan Hajnoczi [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 15:13:15 +0000 (17:13 +0200)]
blockdev: rename BlkTransactionStates to singular
The QMP 'transaction' command keeps a list of in-flight transactions.
The transaction state structure is called BlkTransactionStates even
though it only deals with a single transaction. The only plural thing
is the linked list of transaction states.
I find it confusing to call the single structure "States". This patch
renames it to "State", just like BlockDriverState is singular.
Stefan Hajnoczi [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 15:13:14 +0000 (17:13 +0200)]
block: add drive-backup QMP command
@drive-backup
Start a point-in-time copy of a block device to a new destination. The
status of ongoing drive-backup operations can be checked with
query-block-jobs where the BlockJobInfo.type field has the value 'backup'.
The operation can be stopped before it has completed using the
block-job-cancel command.
@device: the name of the device which should be copied.
@target: the target of the new image. If the file exists, or if it
is a device, the existing file/device will be used as the new
destination. If it does not exist, a new file will be created.
@format: #optional the format of the new destination, default is to
probe if @mode is 'existing', else the format of the source
@mode: #optional whether and how QEMU should create a new image, default is
'absolute-paths'.
@speed: #optional the maximum speed, in bytes per second
@on-source-error: #optional the action to take on an error on the source,
default 'report'. 'stop' and 'enospc' can only be used
if the block device supports io-status (see BlockInfo).
@on-target-error: #optional the action to take on an error on the target,
default 'report' (no limitations, since this applies to
a different block device than @device).
Note that @on-source-error and @on-target-error only affect background I/O.
If an error occurs during a guest write request, the device's rerror/werror
actions will be used.
Returns: nothing on success
If @device is not a valid block device, DeviceNotFound
Stefan Hajnoczi [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 15:13:12 +0000 (17:13 +0200)]
blockdev: drop redundant proto_drv check
It is not necessary to check that we can find a protocol block driver
since we create or open the image file. This produces the error that we
need anyway.
Besides, the QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT is inappropriate since the
protocol is incorrect rather than the format.
Also drop an empty line between bdrv_open() and checking its return
value. This may be due to copy-pasting from earlier code that performed
other operations before handling errors.
Dietmar Maurer [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 15:13:11 +0000 (17:13 +0200)]
block: add basic backup support to block driver
backup_start() creates a block job that copies a point-in-time snapshot
of a block device to a target block device.
We call backup_do_cow() for each write during backup. That function
reads the original data from the block device before it gets
overwritten. The data is then written to the target device.
Currently backup cluster size is hardcoded to 65536 bytes.
[I made a number of changes to Dietmar's original patch and folded them
in to make code review easy. Here is the full list:
* Drop BackupDumpFunc interface in favor of a target block device
* Detect zero clusters with buffer_is_zero() and use bdrv_co_write_zeroes()
* Use 0 delay instead of 1us, like other block jobs
* Unify creation/start functions into backup_start()
* Simplify cleanup, free bitmap in backup_run() instead of cb
* function
* Use HBitmap to avoid duplicating bitmap code
* Use bdrv_getlength() instead of accessing ->total_sectors
* directly
* Delete the backup.h header file, it is no longer necessary
* Move ./backup.c to block/backup.c
* Remove #ifdefed out code
* Coding style and whitespace cleanups
* Use bdrv_add_before_write_notifier() instead of blockjob-specific hooks
* Keep our own in-flight CowRequest list instead of using block.c
tracked requests. This means a little code duplication but is much
simpler than trying to share the tracked requests list and use the
backup block size.
* Add on_source_error and on_target_error error handling.
* Use trace events instead of DPRINTF()
Stefan Hajnoczi [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 15:13:10 +0000 (17:13 +0200)]
block: add bdrv_add_before_write_notifier()
The bdrv_add_before_write_notifier() function installs a callback that
is invoked before a write request is processed. This will be used to
implement copy-on-write point-in-time snapshots where we need to copy
out old data before overwriting it.
Note that BdrvTrackedRequest is moved to block_int.h since it is passed
to .notify() functions.
Stefan Hajnoczi [Mon, 24 Jun 2013 15:13:09 +0000 (17:13 +0200)]
notify: add NotiferWithReturn so notifier list can abort
notifier_list_notify() has no return value. This is fine when we just
want to invoke side-effects.
Sometimes it's useful for notifiers to produce a return value. This
allows notifiers to "veto" an operation and will be used by the block
layer before-write notifier.
Kevin Wolf [Tue, 11 Jun 2013 08:44:58 +0000 (10:44 +0200)]
raw-posix: Fix /dev/cdrom magic on OS X
The raw-posix driver has code to provide a /dev/cdrom on OS X even
though it doesn't really exist. However, since commit c66a6157 the real
filename is dismissed after finding it, so opening /dev/cdrom fails.
Put the filename back into the options QDict to make this work again.
Anthony Liguori [Thu, 27 Jun 2013 13:48:38 +0000 (08:48 -0500)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'quintela/migration.next' into staging
# By Michael R. Hines (9) and others
# Via Juan Quintela
* quintela/migration.next:
rdma: introduce capability x-rdma-pin-all
rdma: new QEMUFileOps hooks
rdma: introduce qemu_ram_foreach_block()
rdma: export qemu_fflush()
rdma: introduce qemu_file_mode_is_not_valid()
rdma: export throughput w/ MigrationStats QMP
rdma: export yield_until_fd_readable()
rdma: introduce qemu_update_position()
rdma: add documentation
migration: do not overwrite zero pages
Revert "migration: do not sent zero pages in bulk stage"
arch_init/ram_load: add error message for block length mismatch
Michael R. Hines [Wed, 26 Jun 2013 01:35:36 +0000 (21:35 -0400)]
rdma: introduce capability x-rdma-pin-all
This capability allows you to disable dynamic chunk registration
for better throughput on high-performance links.
For example, using an 8GB RAM virtual machine with all 8GB of memory in
active use and the VM itself is completely idle using a 40 gbps infiniband link:
1. x-rdma-pin-all disabled total time: approximately 7.5 seconds @ 9.5 Gbps
2. x-rdma-pin-all enabled total time: approximately 4 seconds @ 26 Gbps
These numbers would of course scale up to whatever size virtual machine
you have to migrate using RDMA.
Enabling this feature does *not* have any measurable affect on
migration *downtime*. This is because, without this feature, all of the
memory will have already been registered already in advance during
the bulk round and does not need to be re-registered during the successive
iteration rounds.
Michael R. Hines [Wed, 26 Jun 2013 01:35:35 +0000 (21:35 -0400)]
rdma: new QEMUFileOps hooks
These are the prototypes and implementation of new hooks that
RDMA takes advantage of to perform dynamic page registration.
An optional hook is also introduced for a custom function
to be able to override the default save_page function.
Also included are the prototypes and accessor methods used by
arch_init.c which invoke funtions inside savevm.c to call out
to the hooks that may or may not have been overridden
inside of QEMUFileOps.
Michael R. Hines [Wed, 26 Jun 2013 01:35:34 +0000 (21:35 -0400)]
rdma: introduce qemu_ram_foreach_block()
This is used during RDMA initialization in order to
transmit a description of all the RAM blocks to the
peer for later dynamic chunk registration purposes.
Michael R. Hines [Wed, 26 Jun 2013 01:35:29 +0000 (21:35 -0400)]
rdma: export yield_until_fd_readable()
The RDMA event channel can be made non-blocking just like a TCP
socket. Exporting this function allows us to yield so that the
QEMU monitor remains available.
Michael R. Hines [Wed, 26 Jun 2013 01:35:28 +0000 (21:35 -0400)]
rdma: introduce qemu_update_position()
RDMA writes happen asynchronously, and thus the performance accounting
also needs to be able to occur asynchronously. This allows anybody
to call into savevm.c to update both f->pos as well as into arch_init.c
to update the acct_info structure with up-to-date values when
the RDMA transfer actually completes.
Peter Lieven [Mon, 10 Jun 2013 10:14:20 +0000 (12:14 +0200)]
migration: do not overwrite zero pages
on incoming migration do not memset pages to zero if they already read as zero.
this will allocate a new zero page and consume memory unnecessarily. even
if we madvise a MADV_DONTNEED later this will only deallocate the memory
asynchronously.
Peter Lieven [Mon, 10 Jun 2013 10:14:19 +0000 (12:14 +0200)]
Revert "migration: do not sent zero pages in bulk stage"
Not sending zero pages breaks migration if a page is zero
at the source but not at the destination. This can e.g. happen
if different BIOS versions are used at source and destination.
It has also been reported that migration on pseries is completely
broken with this patch.
Alon Levy [Sun, 12 May 2013 11:16:28 +0000 (14:16 +0300)]
arch_init/ram_load: add error message for block length mismatch
Makes it easier to debug situations where the source and target have
different ram blocks in a device and migration fails due to that, for
instance a BAR size change on a PCI device.
Anthony Liguori [Tue, 25 Jun 2013 19:14:13 +0000 (14:14 -0500)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'pmaydell/arm-devs.for-upstream' into staging
# By Peter Crosthwaite (3) and others
# Via Peter Maydell
* pmaydell/arm-devs.for-upstream:
nand: Don't inherit from Sysbus
block/nand: Convert Sysbus::init to Device::realize
block/nand: QOM casting sweep
i.MX31: Fix PRCS bit test
arm/boot: Free dtb blob memory after use
i.MX: Rework functions/types name and use new style initialization
i.MX: Implement a more complete version of the GPT timer.
ARM: Allow dumping of device tree
Anthony Liguori [Tue, 25 Jun 2013 19:14:09 +0000 (14:14 -0500)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'pmaydell/target-arm.for-upstream' into staging
# By Peter Maydell
# Via Peter Maydell
* pmaydell/target-arm.for-upstream:
target-arm: Make LPAE feature imply V7MP
target-arm: Use tuple list to sync cp regs with KVM
target-arm: Reinitialize all KVM VCPU registers on reset
target-arm: Initialize cpreg list from KVM when using KVM
target-arm: Convert TCG to using (index,value) list for cp migration
target-arm: mark up cpregs for no-migrate or raw access
target-arm: Add raw_readfn and raw_writefn to ARMCPRegInfo
target-arm: Allow special cpregs to have flags set
Anthony Liguori [Tue, 25 Jun 2013 19:14:05 +0000 (14:14 -0500)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'cohuck/virtio-ccw-upstr' into staging
# By Cornelia Huck (2) and Christian Borntraeger (1)
# Via Cornelia Huck
* cohuck/virtio-ccw-upstr:
virtio-ccw: Wire up guest and host notifies.
virtio-ccw: Wire up ioeventfd.
s390/virtio-ccw: Fix virtio reset
Anthony Liguori [Tue, 25 Jun 2013 19:14:00 +0000 (14:14 -0500)]
Merge remote-tracking branch 'sstabellini/xen-20130625' into staging
# By Paul Durrant (2) and Stefano Stabellini (1)
# Via Stefano Stabellini
* sstabellini/xen-20130625:
Move hardcoded initialization of xen-platform device.
Allow use of pc machine type (accel=xen) for Xen HVM domains.
Revert "xen: start PCI hole at 0xe0000000 (same as pc_init1 and qemu-xen-traditional)"
Stefan Weil [Sun, 9 Jun 2013 20:44:22 +0000 (22:44 +0200)]
i.MX31: Fix PRCS bit test
cppcheck detected a condition which was always false.
According to the MCIMX31 Reference Manual, the PRCS bits have to be 01
to select the Frequency Pre-Multiplier (FPM). PRCS uses bits 1 and 2,
so we have to test for 2.
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