@item backing
Reference to or definition of the backing file block device (default is taken
-from the image file). It is allowed to pass an empty string here in order to
-disable the default backing file.
+from the image file). It is allowed to pass @code{null} here in order to disable
+the default backing file.
@item lazy-refcounts
Whether to enable the lazy refcounts feature (on/off; default is taken from the
DEF("display", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_display,
"-display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off]\n"
- " [,window_close=on|off][,gl=on|off]\n"
+ " [,window_close=on|off][,gl=on|core|es|off]\n"
"-display gtk[,grab_on_hover=on|off][,gl=on|off]|\n"
"-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]\n"
"-display curses\n"
" configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'\n"
#endif
"-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]\n"
- " configure a hub port on QEMU VLAN 'n'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+ " configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
DEF("nic", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_nic,
"--nic [tap|bridge|"
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
" provided a 'user' network connection)\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
DEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net,
- "-net nic[,vlan=n][,netdev=nd][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]\n"
+ "-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]\n"
" configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and\n"
- " connect it either to VLAN 'n' or the netdev 'nd' (for pluggable\n"
- " NICs please use '-device devtype,netdev=nd' instead)\n"
+ " connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)\n"
"-net ["
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
"user|"
#ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP
"netmap|"
#endif
- "socket][,vlan=n][,option][,option][,...]\n"
+ "socket][,option][,option][,...]\n"
" old way to initialize a host network interface\n"
" (use the -netdev option if possible instead)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,netdev=@var{nd}][,macaddr=@var{mac}][,model=@var{type}] [,name=@var{name}][,addr=@var{addr}][,vectors=@var{v}]
-@findex -net
-Configure or create an on-board (or machine default) Network Interface Card
-(NIC) and connect it either to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} = 0 is the default), or
-to the netdev @var{nd}. The NIC is an e1000 by default on the PC
-target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to @var{mac}, the
-device address set to @var{addr} (PCI cards only),
-and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands.
-Optionally, for PCI cards, you can specify the number @var{v} of MSI-X vectors
-that the card should have; this option currently only affects virtio cards; set
-@var{v} = 0 to disable MSI-X. If no @option{-net} option is specified, a single
-NIC is created. QEMU can emulate several different models of network card.
-Valid values for @var{type} are
-@code{virtio}, @code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er},
-@code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139},
-@code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}.
-Not all devices are supported on all targets. Use @code{-net nic,model=help}
-for a list of available devices for your target.
+@item -nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|netmap|vhost-user|socket][,...][,mac=macaddr][,model=mn]
+@findex -nic
+This option is a shortcut for configuring both the on-board (default) guest
+NIC hardware and the host network backend in one go. The host backend options
+are the same as with the corresponding @option{-netdev} options below.
+The guest NIC model can be set with @option{model=@var{modelname}}.
+Use @option{model=help} to list the available device types.
+The hardware MAC address can be set with @option{mac=@var{macaddr}}.
+
+The following two example do exactly the same, to show how @option{-nic} can
+be used to shorten the command line length (note that the e1000 is the default
+on i386, so the @option{model=e1000} parameter could even be omitted here, too):
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 -netdev user,id=n1,ipv6=off -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32
+qemu-system-i386 -nic user,ipv6=off,model=e1000,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32
+@end example
+
+@item -nic none
+Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to override
+the default configuration (default NIC with ``user'' host network backend)
+which is activated if no other networking options are provided.
@item -netdev user,id=@var{id}[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...]
@findex -netdev
-@item -net user[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...]
-Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator
+Configure user mode host network backend which requires no administrator
privilege to run. Valid options are:
@table @option
-@item vlan=@var{n}
-Connect user mode stack to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} = 0 is the default).
-
@item id=@var{id}
-@itemx name=@var{name}
Assign symbolic name for use in monitor commands.
-@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must
-be enabled. If neither is specified both protocols are enabled.
+@item ipv4=on|off and ipv6=on|off
+Specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be enabled. If neither is specified
+both protocols are enabled.
@item net=@var{addr}[/@var{mask}]
Set IP network address the guest will see. Optionally specify the netmask,
Example:
@example
-qemu -net user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org [...]
+qemu-system-i386 -nic user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org
@end example
@item tftp=@var{dir}
Example (using pxelinux):
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -hda linux.img -boot n -net user,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0
+qemu-system-i386 -hda linux.img -boot n -device e1000,netdev=n1 \
+ -netdev user,id=n1,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0
@end example
@item smb=@var{dir}[,smbserver=@var{addr}]
Then @file{@var{dir}} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}.
Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS.
-QEMU was tested successfully with smbd versions from Red Hat 9,
-Fedora Core 3 and OpenSUSE 11.x.
@item hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[@var{hostaddr}]:@var{hostport}-[@var{guestaddr}]:@var{guestport}
Redirect incoming TCP or UDP connections to the host port @var{hostport} to
@example
# on the host
-qemu-system-i386 -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 [...]
+qemu-system-i386 -nic user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000
# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server
xterm -display :1
@end example
@example
# on the host
-qemu-system-i386 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23 [...]
+qemu-system-i386 -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23
telnet localhost 5555
@end example
@example
# open 10.10.1.1:4321 on bootup, connect 10.0.2.100:1234 to it whenever
# the guest accesses it
-qemu -net user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-tcp:10.10.1.1:4321 [...]
+qemu-system-i386 -nic user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-tcp:10.10.1.1:4321
@end example
Or you can execute a command on every TCP connection established by the guest,
@example
# call "netcat 10.10.1.1 4321" on every TCP connection to 10.0.2.100:1234
# and connect the TCP stream to its stdin/stdout
-qemu -net 'user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-cmd:netcat 10.10.1.1 4321'
+qemu-system-i386 -nic 'user,id=n1,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-cmd:netcat 10.10.1.1 4321'
@end example
@end table
as they will be removed from future versions.
@item -netdev tap,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}][,br=@var{bridge}][,helper=@var{helper}]
-@itemx -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}][,br=@var{bridge}][,helper=@var{helper}]
-Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}.
+Configure a host TAP network backend with ID @var{id}.
Use the network script @var{file} to configure it and the network script
@var{dfile} to deconfigure it. If @var{name} is not provided, the OS
@example
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network script
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net nic -net tap
+qemu-system-i386 linux.img -nic tap
@end example
@example
@example
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to
#connect a TAP device to bridge br0
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
- -net nic -net tap,"helper=/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper"
+qemu-system-i386 linux.img -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=n1 \
+ -netdev tap,id=n1,"helper=/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper"
@end example
@item -netdev bridge,id=@var{id}[,br=@var{bridge}][,helper=@var{helper}]
-@itemx -net bridge[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,br=@var{bridge}][,helper=@var{helper}]
Connect a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device.
Use the network helper @var{helper} to configure the TAP interface and
@example
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to
#connect a TAP device to bridge br0
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net bridge -net nic,model=virtio
+qemu-system-i386 linux.img -netdev bridge,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1
@end example
@example
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to
#connect a TAP device to bridge qemubr0
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net bridge,br=qemubr0 -net nic,model=virtio
+qemu-system-i386 linux.img -netdev bridge,br=qemubr0,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1
@end example
@item -netdev socket,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]
-@itemx -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}] [,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]
-Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual
-machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is
-specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port}
+This host network backend can be used to connect the guest's network to
+another QEMU virtual machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen}
+is specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port}
(@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to
another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd}=@var{h}
specifies an already opened TCP socket.
@example
# launch a first QEMU instance
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
- -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
- -net socket,listen=:1234
-# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0
-# of the first instance
+ -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
+ -netdev socket,id=n1,listen=:1234
+# connect the network of this instance to the network of the first instance
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
- -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
- -net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
+ -device e1000,netdev=n2,mac=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
+ -netdev socket,id=n2,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
@end example
@item -netdev socket,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}[,localaddr=@var{addr}]]
-@itemx -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}[,localaddr=@var{addr}]]
-Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual
-machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for
-every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}.
+Configure a socket host network backend to share the guest's network traffic
+with another QEMU virtual machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively
+making a bus for every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}.
NOTES:
@enumerate
@item
@example
# launch one QEMU instance
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
- -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
- -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
+ -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
+ -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
- -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
- -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
+ -device e1000,netdev=n2,mac=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
+ -netdev socket,id=n2,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
- -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \
- -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
+ -device e1000,netdev=n3,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \
+ -netdev socket,id=n3,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
@end example
Example (User Mode Linux compat.):
@example
-# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected
-# is UML's default)
+# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected is UML's default)
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
- -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
- -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
+ -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
+ -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
# launch UML
/path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast
@end example
Example (send packets from host's 1.2.3.4):
@example
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
- -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
- -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102,localaddr=1.2.3.4
+ -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
+ -netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102,localaddr=1.2.3.4
@end example
@item -netdev l2tpv3,id=@var{id},src=@var{srcaddr},dst=@var{dstaddr}[,srcport=@var{srcport}][,dstport=@var{dstport}],txsession=@var{txsession}[,rxsession=@var{rxsession}][,ipv6][,udp][,cookie64][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=@var{txcookie}][,rxcookie=@var{rxcookie}][,offset=@var{offset}]
-@itemx -net l2tpv3[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}],src=@var{srcaddr},dst=@var{dstaddr}[,srcport=@var{srcport}][,dstport=@var{dstport}],txsession=@var{txsession}[,rxsession=@var{rxsession}][,ipv6][,udp][,cookie64][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=@var{txcookie}][,rxcookie=@var{rxcookie}][,offset=@var{offset}]
-Connect VLAN @var{n} to L2TPv3 pseudowire. L2TPv3 (RFC3391) is a popular
-protocol to transport Ethernet (and other Layer 2) data frames between
+Configure a L2TPv3 pseudowire host network backend. L2TPv3 (RFC3391) is a
+popular protocol to transport Ethernet (and other Layer 2) data frames between
two systems. It is present in routers, firewalls and the Linux kernel
(from version 3.3 onwards).
# on 4.3.2.1
# launch QEMU instance - if your network has reorder or is very lossy add ,pincounter
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net nic -net l2tpv3,src=4.2.3.1,dst=1.2.3.4,udp,srcport=16384,dstport=16384,rxsession=0xffffffff,txsession=0xffffffff,counter
-
+qemu-system-i386 linux.img -device e1000,netdev=n1 \
+ -netdev l2tpv3,id=n1,src=4.2.3.1,dst=1.2.3.4,udp,srcport=16384,dstport=16384,rxsession=0xffffffff,txsession=0xffffffff,counter
@end example
@item -netdev vde,id=@var{id}[,sock=@var{socketpath}][,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]
-@itemx -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}] [,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]
-Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and
+Configure VDE backend to connect to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and
listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname}
and MODE @var{octalmode} to change default ownership and permissions for
communication port. This option is only available if QEMU has been compiled
# launch vde switch
vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch
# launch QEMU instance
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
+qemu-system-i386 linux.img -nic vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
@end example
-@item -netdev hubport,id=@var{id},hubid=@var{hubid}[,netdev=@var{nd}]
-
-Create a hub port on QEMU "vlan" @var{hubid}.
-
-The hubport netdev lets you connect a NIC to a QEMU "vlan" instead of a single
-netdev. @code{-net} and @code{-device} with parameter @option{vlan} create the
-required hub automatically. Alternatively, you can also connect the hubport
-to another netdev with ID @var{nd} by using the @option{netdev=@var{nd}}
-option.
-
@item -netdev vhost-user,chardev=@var{id}[,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
Establish a vhost-user netdev, backed by a chardev @var{id}. The chardev should
-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0
@end example
-@item --nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|netmap|vhost-user|socket][,...][,mac=macaddr]
+@item -netdev hubport,id=@var{id},hubid=@var{hubid}[,netdev=@var{nd}]
-This option is a shortcut for setting both, the on-board (default) guest NIC
-hardware and the host network backend in one go. The host backend options are
-the same as with the corresponding @option{--netdev} option. The guest NIC
-hardware MAC address can be set with @option{mac=@var{macaddr}}.
+Create a hub port on the emulated hub with ID @var{hubid}.
-@item --nic none
-Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to override
-the default configuration (default NIC with @option{--net user} backend) which
-is activated if no other networking options are provided.
+The hubport netdev lets you connect a NIC to a QEMU emulated hub instead of a
+single netdev. Alternatively, you can also connect the hubport to another
+netdev with ID @var{nd} by using the @option{netdev=@var{nd}} option.
+
+@item -net nic[,netdev=@var{nd}][,macaddr=@var{mac}][,model=@var{type}] [,name=@var{name}][,addr=@var{addr}][,vectors=@var{v}]
+@findex -net
+Legacy option to configure or create an on-board (or machine default) Network
+Interface Card(NIC) and connect it either to the emulated hub with ID 0 (i.e.
+the default hub), or to the netdev @var{nd}.
+The NIC is an e1000 by default on the PC target. Optionally, the MAC address
+can be changed to @var{mac}, the device address set to @var{addr} (PCI cards
+only), and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands.
+Optionally, for PCI cards, you can specify the number @var{v} of MSI-X vectors
+that the card should have; this option currently only affects virtio cards; set
+@var{v} = 0 to disable MSI-X. If no @option{-net} option is specified, a single
+NIC is created. QEMU can emulate several different models of network card.
+Use @code{-net nic,model=help} for a list of available devices for your target.
+
+@item -net user|tap|bridge|socket|l2tpv3|vde[,...][,name=@var{name}]
+Configure a host network backend (with the options corresponding to the same
+@option{-netdev} option) and connect it to the emulated hub 0 (the default
+hub). Use @var{name} to specify the name of the hub port.
ETEXI
STEXI
@item -virtioconsole @var{c}
@findex -virtioconsole
Set virtio console.
-
-This option is maintained for backward compatibility.
-
-Please use @code{-device virtconsole} for the new way of invocation.
+This option is deprecated, please use @option{-device virtconsole} instead.
ETEXI
DEF("show-cursor", 0, QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor, \
#ifndef _WIN32
DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \
- "-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM\n",
+ "-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM\n" \
+ " user can be numeric uid:gid instead\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
#endif
STEXI
HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine accel=tcg property
DEF("no-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
-HXCOMM Deprecated by kvm-pit driver properties
-DEF("no-kvm-pit-reinjection", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_pit_reinjection,
- "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
-
-HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine kernel_irqchip=on|off property
-DEF("no-kvm-irqchip", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_irqchip, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
-
-HXCOMM Deprecated (ignored)
-DEF("tdf", 0, QEMU_OPTION_tdf,"", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-
DEF("msg", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_msg,
"-msg timestamp[=on|off]\n"
" change the format of messages\n"
recommended that a persistent set of parameters be generated
upfront and saved.
-@item -object tls-creds-x509,id=@var{id},endpoint=@var{endpoint},dir=@var{/path/to/cred/dir},verify-peer=@var{on|off},passwordid=@var{id}
+@item -object tls-creds-x509,id=@var{id},endpoint=@var{endpoint},dir=@var{/path/to/cred/dir},priority=@var{priority},verify-peer=@var{on|off},passwordid=@var{id}
Creates a TLS anonymous credentials object, which can be used to provide
TLS support on network backends. The @option{id} parameter is a unique
the ID of a previously created @code{secret} object containing the
password for decryption.
+The @var{priority} parameter allows to override the global default
+priority used by gnutls. This can be useful if the system administrator
+needs to use a weaker set of crypto priorities for QEMU without
+potentially forcing the weakness onto all applications. Or conversely
+if one wants wants a stronger default for QEMU than for all other
+applications, they can do this through this parameter. Its format is
+a gnutls priority string as described at
+@url{https://gnutls.org/manual/html_node/Priority-Strings.html}.
+
@item -object filter-buffer,id=@var{id},netdev=@var{netdevid},interval=@var{t}[,queue=@var{all|rx|tx}][,status=@var{on|off}]
Interval @var{t} can't be 0, this filter batches the packet delivery: all
projects / qemu.git / blobdiff