2 * Copyright (C) 2016 Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
4 * Author: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
8 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
9 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 * along with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation,
18 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
22 #include "xfs_shared.h"
23 #include "xfs_format.h"
24 #include "xfs_log_format.h"
25 #include "xfs_trans_resv.h"
26 #include "xfs_mount.h"
27 #include "xfs_defer.h"
28 #include "xfs_da_format.h"
29 #include "xfs_da_btree.h"
30 #include "xfs_inode.h"
31 #include "xfs_trans.h"
32 #include "xfs_inode_item.h"
34 #include "xfs_bmap_util.h"
35 #include "xfs_error.h"
37 #include "xfs_dir2_priv.h"
38 #include "xfs_ioctl.h"
39 #include "xfs_trace.h"
41 #include "xfs_icache.h"
43 #include "xfs_btree.h"
44 #include "xfs_refcount_btree.h"
45 #include "xfs_refcount.h"
46 #include "xfs_bmap_btree.h"
47 #include "xfs_trans_space.h"
49 #include "xfs_alloc.h"
50 #include "xfs_quota_defs.h"
51 #include "xfs_quota.h"
52 #include "xfs_reflink.h"
53 #include "xfs_iomap.h"
54 #include "xfs_rmap_btree.h"
56 #include "xfs_ag_resv.h"
59 * Copy on Write of Shared Blocks
61 * XFS must preserve "the usual" file semantics even when two files share
62 * the same physical blocks. This means that a write to one file must not
63 * alter the blocks in a different file; the way that we'll do that is
64 * through the use of a copy-on-write mechanism. At a high level, that
65 * means that when we want to write to a shared block, we allocate a new
66 * block, write the data to the new block, and if that succeeds we map the
67 * new block into the file.
69 * XFS provides a "delayed allocation" mechanism that defers the allocation
70 * of disk blocks to dirty-but-not-yet-mapped file blocks as long as
71 * possible. This reduces fragmentation by enabling the filesystem to ask
72 * for bigger chunks less often, which is exactly what we want for CoW.
74 * The delalloc mechanism begins when the kernel wants to make a block
75 * writable (write_begin or page_mkwrite). If the offset is not mapped, we
76 * create a delalloc mapping, which is a regular in-core extent, but without
77 * a real startblock. (For delalloc mappings, the startblock encodes both
78 * a flag that this is a delalloc mapping, and a worst-case estimate of how
79 * many blocks might be required to put the mapping into the BMBT.) delalloc
80 * mappings are a reservation against the free space in the filesystem;
81 * adjacent mappings can also be combined into fewer larger mappings.
83 * As an optimization, the CoW extent size hint (cowextsz) creates
84 * outsized aligned delalloc reservations in the hope of landing out of
85 * order nearby CoW writes in a single extent on disk, thereby reducing
86 * fragmentation and improving future performance.
88 * D: --RRRRRRSSSRRRRRRRR--- (data fork)
89 * C: ------DDDDDDD--------- (CoW fork)
91 * When dirty pages are being written out (typically in writepage), the
92 * delalloc reservations are converted into unwritten mappings by
93 * allocating blocks and replacing the delalloc mapping with real ones.
94 * A delalloc mapping can be replaced by several unwritten ones if the
95 * free space is fragmented.
97 * D: --RRRRRRSSSRRRRRRRR---
98 * C: ------UUUUUUU---------
100 * We want to adapt the delalloc mechanism for copy-on-write, since the
101 * write paths are similar. The first two steps (creating the reservation
102 * and allocating the blocks) are exactly the same as delalloc except that
103 * the mappings must be stored in a separate CoW fork because we do not want
104 * to disturb the mapping in the data fork until we're sure that the write
105 * succeeded. IO completion in this case is the process of removing the old
106 * mapping from the data fork and moving the new mapping from the CoW fork to
107 * the data fork. This will be discussed shortly.
109 * For now, unaligned directio writes will be bounced back to the page cache.
110 * Block-aligned directio writes will use the same mechanism as buffered
113 * Just prior to submitting the actual disk write requests, we convert
114 * the extents representing the range of the file actually being written
115 * (as opposed to extra pieces created for the cowextsize hint) to real
116 * extents. This will become important in the next step:
118 * D: --RRRRRRSSSRRRRRRRR---
119 * C: ------UUrrUUU---------
121 * CoW remapping must be done after the data block write completes,
122 * because we don't want to destroy the old data fork map until we're sure
123 * the new block has been written. Since the new mappings are kept in a
124 * separate fork, we can simply iterate these mappings to find the ones
125 * that cover the file blocks that we just CoW'd. For each extent, simply
126 * unmap the corresponding range in the data fork, map the new range into
127 * the data fork, and remove the extent from the CoW fork. Because of
128 * the presence of the cowextsize hint, however, we must be careful
129 * only to remap the blocks that we've actually written out -- we must
130 * never remap delalloc reservations nor CoW staging blocks that have
131 * yet to be written. This corresponds exactly to the real extents in
134 * D: --RRRRRRrrSRRRRRRRR---
135 * C: ------UU--UUU---------
137 * Since the remapping operation can be applied to an arbitrary file
138 * range, we record the need for the remap step as a flag in the ioend
139 * instead of declaring a new IO type. This is required for direct io
140 * because we only have ioend for the whole dio, and we have to be able to
141 * remember the presence of unwritten blocks and CoW blocks with a single
142 * ioend structure. Better yet, the more ground we can cover with one
147 * Given an AG extent, find the lowest-numbered run of shared blocks
148 * within that range and return the range in fbno/flen. If
149 * find_end_of_shared is true, return the longest contiguous extent of
150 * shared blocks. If there are no shared extents, fbno and flen will
151 * be set to NULLAGBLOCK and 0, respectively.
154 xfs_reflink_find_shared(
155 struct xfs_mount *mp,
156 struct xfs_trans *tp,
162 bool find_end_of_shared)
164 struct xfs_buf *agbp;
165 struct xfs_btree_cur *cur;
168 error = xfs_alloc_read_agf(mp, tp, agno, 0, &agbp);
174 cur = xfs_refcountbt_init_cursor(mp, tp, agbp, agno, NULL);
176 error = xfs_refcount_find_shared(cur, agbno, aglen, fbno, flen,
179 xfs_btree_del_cursor(cur, error ? XFS_BTREE_ERROR : XFS_BTREE_NOERROR);
181 xfs_trans_brelse(tp, agbp);
186 * Trim the mapping to the next block where there's a change in the
187 * shared/unshared status. More specifically, this means that we
188 * find the lowest-numbered extent of shared blocks that coincides with
189 * the given block mapping. If the shared extent overlaps the start of
190 * the mapping, trim the mapping to the end of the shared extent. If
191 * the shared region intersects the mapping, trim the mapping to the
192 * start of the shared extent. If there are no shared regions that
193 * overlap, just return the original extent.
196 xfs_reflink_trim_around_shared(
197 struct xfs_inode *ip,
198 struct xfs_bmbt_irec *irec,
209 /* Holes, unwritten, and delalloc extents cannot be shared */
210 if (!xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip) || !xfs_bmap_is_real_extent(irec)) {
215 trace_xfs_reflink_trim_around_shared(ip, irec);
217 agno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(ip->i_mount, irec->br_startblock);
218 agbno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(ip->i_mount, irec->br_startblock);
219 aglen = irec->br_blockcount;
221 error = xfs_reflink_find_shared(ip->i_mount, NULL, agno, agbno,
222 aglen, &fbno, &flen, true);
226 *shared = *trimmed = false;
227 if (fbno == NULLAGBLOCK) {
228 /* No shared blocks at all. */
230 } else if (fbno == agbno) {
232 * The start of this extent is shared. Truncate the
233 * mapping at the end of the shared region so that a
234 * subsequent iteration starts at the start of the
237 irec->br_blockcount = flen;
244 * There's a shared extent midway through this extent.
245 * Truncate the mapping at the start of the shared
246 * extent so that a subsequent iteration starts at the
247 * start of the shared region.
249 irec->br_blockcount = fbno - agbno;
256 * Trim the passed in imap to the next shared/unshared extent boundary, and
257 * if imap->br_startoff points to a shared extent reserve space for it in the
258 * COW fork. In this case *shared is set to true, else to false.
260 * Note that imap will always contain the block numbers for the existing blocks
261 * in the data fork, as the upper layers need them for read-modify-write
265 xfs_reflink_reserve_cow(
266 struct xfs_inode *ip,
267 struct xfs_bmbt_irec *imap,
270 struct xfs_ifork *ifp = XFS_IFORK_PTR(ip, XFS_COW_FORK);
271 struct xfs_bmbt_irec got;
273 bool eof = false, trimmed;
274 struct xfs_iext_cursor icur;
277 * Search the COW fork extent list first. This serves two purposes:
278 * first this implement the speculative preallocation using cowextisze,
279 * so that we also unshared block adjacent to shared blocks instead
280 * of just the shared blocks themselves. Second the lookup in the
281 * extent list is generally faster than going out to the shared extent
285 if (!xfs_iext_lookup_extent(ip, ifp, imap->br_startoff, &icur, &got))
287 if (!eof && got.br_startoff <= imap->br_startoff) {
288 trace_xfs_reflink_cow_found(ip, imap);
289 xfs_trim_extent(imap, got.br_startoff, got.br_blockcount);
295 /* Trim the mapping to the nearest shared extent boundary. */
296 error = xfs_reflink_trim_around_shared(ip, imap, shared, &trimmed);
300 /* Not shared? Just report the (potentially capped) extent. */
305 * Fork all the shared blocks from our write offset until the end of
308 error = xfs_qm_dqattach_locked(ip, 0);
312 error = xfs_bmapi_reserve_delalloc(ip, XFS_COW_FORK, imap->br_startoff,
313 imap->br_blockcount, 0, &got, &icur, eof);
314 if (error == -ENOSPC || error == -EDQUOT)
315 trace_xfs_reflink_cow_enospc(ip, imap);
319 trace_xfs_reflink_cow_alloc(ip, &got);
323 /* Convert part of an unwritten CoW extent to a real one. */
325 xfs_reflink_convert_cow_extent(
326 struct xfs_inode *ip,
327 struct xfs_bmbt_irec *imap,
328 xfs_fileoff_t offset_fsb,
329 xfs_filblks_t count_fsb,
330 struct xfs_defer_ops *dfops)
332 xfs_fsblock_t first_block = NULLFSBLOCK;
335 if (imap->br_state == XFS_EXT_NORM)
338 xfs_trim_extent(imap, offset_fsb, count_fsb);
339 trace_xfs_reflink_convert_cow(ip, imap);
340 if (imap->br_blockcount == 0)
342 return xfs_bmapi_write(NULL, ip, imap->br_startoff, imap->br_blockcount,
343 XFS_BMAPI_COWFORK | XFS_BMAPI_CONVERT, &first_block,
344 0, imap, &nimaps, dfops);
347 /* Convert all of the unwritten CoW extents in a file's range to real ones. */
349 xfs_reflink_convert_cow(
350 struct xfs_inode *ip,
354 struct xfs_mount *mp = ip->i_mount;
355 xfs_fileoff_t offset_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSBT(mp, offset);
356 xfs_fileoff_t end_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSB(mp, offset + count);
357 xfs_filblks_t count_fsb = end_fsb - offset_fsb;
358 struct xfs_bmbt_irec imap;
359 struct xfs_defer_ops dfops;
360 xfs_fsblock_t first_block = NULLFSBLOCK;
361 int nimaps = 1, error = 0;
365 xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
366 error = xfs_bmapi_write(NULL, ip, offset_fsb, count_fsb,
367 XFS_BMAPI_COWFORK | XFS_BMAPI_CONVERT |
368 XFS_BMAPI_CONVERT_ONLY, &first_block, 0, &imap, &nimaps,
370 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
374 /* Allocate all CoW reservations covering a range of blocks in a file. */
376 xfs_reflink_allocate_cow(
377 struct xfs_inode *ip,
378 struct xfs_bmbt_irec *imap,
382 struct xfs_mount *mp = ip->i_mount;
383 xfs_fileoff_t offset_fsb = imap->br_startoff;
384 xfs_filblks_t count_fsb = imap->br_blockcount;
385 struct xfs_bmbt_irec got;
386 struct xfs_defer_ops dfops;
387 struct xfs_trans *tp = NULL;
388 xfs_fsblock_t first_block;
389 int nimaps, error = 0;
391 xfs_filblks_t resaligned;
392 xfs_extlen_t resblks = 0;
393 struct xfs_iext_cursor icur;
396 ASSERT(xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip));
397 ASSERT(xfs_isilocked(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL | XFS_ILOCK_SHARED));
400 * Even if the extent is not shared we might have a preallocation for
401 * it in the COW fork. If so use it.
403 if (xfs_iext_lookup_extent(ip, ip->i_cowfp, offset_fsb, &icur, &got) &&
404 got.br_startoff <= offset_fsb) {
407 /* If we have a real allocation in the COW fork we're done. */
408 if (!isnullstartblock(got.br_startblock)) {
409 xfs_trim_extent(&got, offset_fsb, count_fsb);
414 xfs_trim_extent(imap, got.br_startoff, got.br_blockcount);
416 error = xfs_reflink_trim_around_shared(ip, imap, shared, &trimmed);
417 if (error || !*shared)
422 resaligned = xfs_aligned_fsb_count(imap->br_startoff,
423 imap->br_blockcount, xfs_get_cowextsz_hint(ip));
424 resblks = XFS_DIOSTRAT_SPACE_RES(mp, resaligned);
426 xfs_iunlock(ip, *lockmode);
427 error = xfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_write, resblks, 0, 0, &tp);
428 *lockmode = XFS_ILOCK_EXCL;
429 xfs_ilock(ip, *lockmode);
434 error = xfs_qm_dqattach_locked(ip, 0);
440 error = xfs_trans_reserve_quota_nblks(tp, ip, resblks, 0,
441 XFS_QMOPT_RES_REGBLKS);
445 xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, 0);
447 xfs_defer_init(&dfops, &first_block);
450 /* Allocate the entire reservation as unwritten blocks. */
451 error = xfs_bmapi_write(tp, ip, imap->br_startoff, imap->br_blockcount,
452 XFS_BMAPI_COWFORK | XFS_BMAPI_PREALLOC, &first_block,
453 resblks, imap, &nimaps, &dfops);
455 goto out_bmap_cancel;
457 xfs_inode_set_cowblocks_tag(ip);
460 error = xfs_defer_finish(&tp, &dfops);
462 goto out_bmap_cancel;
464 error = xfs_trans_commit(tp);
468 return xfs_reflink_convert_cow_extent(ip, imap, offset_fsb, count_fsb,
471 xfs_defer_cancel(&dfops);
472 xfs_trans_unreserve_quota_nblks(tp, ip, (long)resblks, 0,
473 XFS_QMOPT_RES_REGBLKS);
476 xfs_trans_cancel(tp);
481 * Find the CoW reservation for a given byte offset of a file.
484 xfs_reflink_find_cow_mapping(
485 struct xfs_inode *ip,
487 struct xfs_bmbt_irec *imap)
489 struct xfs_ifork *ifp = XFS_IFORK_PTR(ip, XFS_COW_FORK);
490 xfs_fileoff_t offset_fsb;
491 struct xfs_bmbt_irec got;
492 struct xfs_iext_cursor icur;
494 ASSERT(xfs_isilocked(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL | XFS_ILOCK_SHARED));
496 if (!xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip))
498 offset_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSBT(ip->i_mount, offset);
499 if (!xfs_iext_lookup_extent(ip, ifp, offset_fsb, &icur, &got))
501 if (got.br_startoff > offset_fsb)
504 trace_xfs_reflink_find_cow_mapping(ip, offset, 1, XFS_IO_OVERWRITE,
511 * Trim an extent to end at the next CoW reservation past offset_fsb.
514 xfs_reflink_trim_irec_to_next_cow(
515 struct xfs_inode *ip,
516 xfs_fileoff_t offset_fsb,
517 struct xfs_bmbt_irec *imap)
519 struct xfs_ifork *ifp = XFS_IFORK_PTR(ip, XFS_COW_FORK);
520 struct xfs_bmbt_irec got;
521 struct xfs_iext_cursor icur;
523 if (!xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip))
526 /* Find the extent in the CoW fork. */
527 if (!xfs_iext_lookup_extent(ip, ifp, offset_fsb, &icur, &got))
530 /* This is the extent before; try sliding up one. */
531 if (got.br_startoff < offset_fsb) {
532 if (!xfs_iext_next_extent(ifp, &icur, &got))
536 if (got.br_startoff >= imap->br_startoff + imap->br_blockcount)
539 imap->br_blockcount = got.br_startoff - imap->br_startoff;
540 trace_xfs_reflink_trim_irec(ip, imap);
544 * Cancel CoW reservations for some block range of an inode.
546 * If cancel_real is true this function cancels all COW fork extents for the
547 * inode; if cancel_real is false, real extents are not cleared.
550 xfs_reflink_cancel_cow_blocks(
551 struct xfs_inode *ip,
552 struct xfs_trans **tpp,
553 xfs_fileoff_t offset_fsb,
554 xfs_fileoff_t end_fsb,
557 struct xfs_ifork *ifp = XFS_IFORK_PTR(ip, XFS_COW_FORK);
558 struct xfs_bmbt_irec got, del;
559 struct xfs_iext_cursor icur;
560 xfs_fsblock_t firstfsb;
561 struct xfs_defer_ops dfops;
564 if (!xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip))
566 if (!xfs_iext_lookup_extent_before(ip, ifp, &end_fsb, &icur, &got))
569 /* Walk backwards until we're out of the I/O range... */
570 while (got.br_startoff + got.br_blockcount > offset_fsb) {
572 xfs_trim_extent(&del, offset_fsb, end_fsb - offset_fsb);
574 /* Extent delete may have bumped ext forward */
575 if (!del.br_blockcount) {
576 xfs_iext_prev(ifp, &icur);
580 trace_xfs_reflink_cancel_cow(ip, &del);
582 if (isnullstartblock(del.br_startblock)) {
583 error = xfs_bmap_del_extent_delay(ip, XFS_COW_FORK,
587 } else if (del.br_state == XFS_EXT_UNWRITTEN || cancel_real) {
588 xfs_trans_ijoin(*tpp, ip, 0);
589 xfs_defer_init(&dfops, &firstfsb);
591 /* Free the CoW orphan record. */
592 error = xfs_refcount_free_cow_extent(ip->i_mount,
593 &dfops, del.br_startblock,
598 xfs_bmap_add_free(ip->i_mount, &dfops,
599 del.br_startblock, del.br_blockcount,
602 /* Update quota accounting */
603 xfs_trans_mod_dquot_byino(*tpp, ip, XFS_TRANS_DQ_BCOUNT,
604 -(long)del.br_blockcount);
606 /* Roll the transaction */
607 xfs_defer_ijoin(&dfops, ip);
608 error = xfs_defer_finish(tpp, &dfops);
610 xfs_defer_cancel(&dfops);
614 /* Remove the mapping from the CoW fork. */
615 xfs_bmap_del_extent_cow(ip, &icur, &got, &del);
617 /* Didn't do anything, push cursor back. */
618 xfs_iext_prev(ifp, &icur);
621 if (!xfs_iext_get_extent(ifp, &icur, &got))
625 /* clear tag if cow fork is emptied */
627 xfs_inode_clear_cowblocks_tag(ip);
633 * Cancel CoW reservations for some byte range of an inode.
635 * If cancel_real is true this function cancels all COW fork extents for the
636 * inode; if cancel_real is false, real extents are not cleared.
639 xfs_reflink_cancel_cow_range(
640 struct xfs_inode *ip,
645 struct xfs_trans *tp;
646 xfs_fileoff_t offset_fsb;
647 xfs_fileoff_t end_fsb;
650 trace_xfs_reflink_cancel_cow_range(ip, offset, count);
651 ASSERT(xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip));
653 offset_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSBT(ip->i_mount, offset);
654 if (count == NULLFILEOFF)
655 end_fsb = NULLFILEOFF;
657 end_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSB(ip->i_mount, offset + count);
659 /* Start a rolling transaction to remove the mappings */
660 error = xfs_trans_alloc(ip->i_mount, &M_RES(ip->i_mount)->tr_write,
665 xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
666 xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, 0);
668 /* Scrape out the old CoW reservations */
669 error = xfs_reflink_cancel_cow_blocks(ip, &tp, offset_fsb, end_fsb,
674 error = xfs_trans_commit(tp);
676 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
680 xfs_trans_cancel(tp);
681 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
683 trace_xfs_reflink_cancel_cow_range_error(ip, error, _RET_IP_);
688 * Remap parts of a file's data fork after a successful CoW.
692 struct xfs_inode *ip,
696 struct xfs_ifork *ifp = XFS_IFORK_PTR(ip, XFS_COW_FORK);
697 struct xfs_bmbt_irec got, del;
698 struct xfs_trans *tp;
699 xfs_fileoff_t offset_fsb;
700 xfs_fileoff_t end_fsb;
701 xfs_fsblock_t firstfsb;
702 struct xfs_defer_ops dfops;
704 unsigned int resblks;
706 struct xfs_iext_cursor icur;
708 trace_xfs_reflink_end_cow(ip, offset, count);
710 /* No COW extents? That's easy! */
711 if (ifp->if_bytes == 0)
714 offset_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSBT(ip->i_mount, offset);
715 end_fsb = XFS_B_TO_FSB(ip->i_mount, offset + count);
718 * Start a rolling transaction to switch the mappings. We're
719 * unlikely ever to have to remap 16T worth of single-block
720 * extents, so just cap the worst case extent count to 2^32-1.
721 * Stick a warning in just in case, and avoid 64-bit division.
723 BUILD_BUG_ON(MAX_RW_COUNT > UINT_MAX);
724 if (end_fsb - offset_fsb > UINT_MAX) {
725 error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
726 xfs_force_shutdown(ip->i_mount, SHUTDOWN_CORRUPT_INCORE);
730 resblks = XFS_NEXTENTADD_SPACE_RES(ip->i_mount,
731 (unsigned int)(end_fsb - offset_fsb),
733 error = xfs_trans_alloc(ip->i_mount, &M_RES(ip->i_mount)->tr_write,
734 resblks, 0, XFS_TRANS_RESERVE, &tp);
738 xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
739 xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, 0);
742 * In case of racing, overlapping AIO writes no COW extents might be
743 * left by the time I/O completes for the loser of the race. In that
746 if (!xfs_iext_lookup_extent_before(ip, ifp, &end_fsb, &icur, &got))
749 /* Walk backwards until we're out of the I/O range... */
750 while (got.br_startoff + got.br_blockcount > offset_fsb) {
752 xfs_trim_extent(&del, offset_fsb, end_fsb - offset_fsb);
754 /* Extent delete may have bumped ext forward */
755 if (!del.br_blockcount) {
756 xfs_iext_prev(ifp, &icur);
760 ASSERT(!isnullstartblock(got.br_startblock));
763 * Don't remap unwritten extents; these are
764 * speculatively preallocated CoW extents that have been
765 * allocated but have not yet been involved in a write.
767 if (got.br_state == XFS_EXT_UNWRITTEN) {
768 xfs_iext_prev(ifp, &icur);
772 /* Unmap the old blocks in the data fork. */
773 xfs_defer_init(&dfops, &firstfsb);
774 rlen = del.br_blockcount;
775 error = __xfs_bunmapi(tp, ip, del.br_startoff, &rlen, 0, 1,
780 /* Trim the extent to whatever got unmapped. */
782 xfs_trim_extent(&del, del.br_startoff + rlen,
783 del.br_blockcount - rlen);
785 trace_xfs_reflink_cow_remap(ip, &del);
787 /* Free the CoW orphan record. */
788 error = xfs_refcount_free_cow_extent(tp->t_mountp, &dfops,
789 del.br_startblock, del.br_blockcount);
793 /* Map the new blocks into the data fork. */
794 error = xfs_bmap_map_extent(tp->t_mountp, &dfops, ip, &del);
798 /* Remove the mapping from the CoW fork. */
799 xfs_bmap_del_extent_cow(ip, &icur, &got, &del);
801 xfs_defer_ijoin(&dfops, ip);
802 error = xfs_defer_finish(&tp, &dfops);
806 if (!xfs_iext_get_extent(ifp, &icur, &got))
810 error = xfs_trans_commit(tp);
811 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
817 xfs_defer_cancel(&dfops);
819 xfs_trans_cancel(tp);
820 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
822 trace_xfs_reflink_end_cow_error(ip, error, _RET_IP_);
827 * Free leftover CoW reservations that didn't get cleaned out.
830 xfs_reflink_recover_cow(
831 struct xfs_mount *mp)
836 if (!xfs_sb_version_hasreflink(&mp->m_sb))
839 for (agno = 0; agno < mp->m_sb.sb_agcount; agno++) {
840 error = xfs_refcount_recover_cow_leftovers(mp, agno);
849 * Reflinking (Block) Ranges of Two Files Together
851 * First, ensure that the reflink flag is set on both inodes. The flag is an
852 * optimization to avoid unnecessary refcount btree lookups in the write path.
854 * Now we can iteratively remap the range of extents (and holes) in src to the
855 * corresponding ranges in dest. Let drange and srange denote the ranges of
856 * logical blocks in dest and src touched by the reflink operation.
858 * While the length of drange is greater than zero,
859 * - Read src's bmbt at the start of srange ("imap")
860 * - If imap doesn't exist, make imap appear to start at the end of srange
862 * - If imap starts before srange, advance imap to start at srange.
863 * - If imap goes beyond srange, truncate imap to end at the end of srange.
864 * - Punch (imap start - srange start + imap len) blocks from dest at
865 * offset (drange start).
866 * - If imap points to a real range of pblks,
867 * > Increase the refcount of the imap's pblks
868 * > Map imap's pblks into dest at the offset
869 * (drange start + imap start - srange start)
870 * - Advance drange and srange by (imap start - srange start + imap len)
872 * Finally, if the reflink made dest longer, update both the in-core and
873 * on-disk file sizes.
875 * ASCII Art Demonstration:
877 * Let's say we want to reflink this source file:
879 * ----SSSSSSS-SSSSS----SSSSSS (src file)
880 * <-------------------->
882 * into this destination file:
884 * --DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD--DDD (dest file)
885 * <-------------------->
886 * '-' means a hole, and 'S' and 'D' are written blocks in the src and dest.
887 * Observe that the range has different logical offsets in either file.
889 * Consider that the first extent in the source file doesn't line up with our
890 * reflink range. Unmapping and remapping are separate operations, so we can
891 * unmap more blocks from the destination file than we remap.
893 * ----SSSSSSS-SSSSS----SSSSSS
895 * --DDDDD---------DDDDD--DDD
898 * Now remap the source extent into the destination file:
900 * ----SSSSSSS-SSSSS----SSSSSS
902 * --DDDDD--SSSSSSSDDDDD--DDD
905 * Do likewise with the second hole and extent in our range. Holes in the
906 * unmap range don't affect our operation.
908 * ----SSSSSSS-SSSSS----SSSSSS
910 * --DDDDD--SSSSSSS-SSSSS-DDD
913 * Finally, unmap and remap part of the third extent. This will increase the
914 * size of the destination file.
916 * ----SSSSSSS-SSSSS----SSSSSS
918 * --DDDDD--SSSSSSS-SSSSS----SSS
921 * Once we update the destination file's i_size, we're done.
925 * Ensure the reflink bit is set in both inodes.
928 xfs_reflink_set_inode_flag(
929 struct xfs_inode *src,
930 struct xfs_inode *dest)
932 struct xfs_mount *mp = src->i_mount;
934 struct xfs_trans *tp;
936 if (xfs_is_reflink_inode(src) && xfs_is_reflink_inode(dest))
939 error = xfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_ichange, 0, 0, 0, &tp);
943 /* Lock both files against IO */
944 if (src->i_ino == dest->i_ino)
945 xfs_ilock(src, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
947 xfs_lock_two_inodes(src, dest, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
949 if (!xfs_is_reflink_inode(src)) {
950 trace_xfs_reflink_set_inode_flag(src);
951 xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, src, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
952 src->i_d.di_flags2 |= XFS_DIFLAG2_REFLINK;
953 xfs_trans_log_inode(tp, src, XFS_ILOG_CORE);
954 xfs_ifork_init_cow(src);
956 xfs_iunlock(src, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
958 if (src->i_ino == dest->i_ino)
961 if (!xfs_is_reflink_inode(dest)) {
962 trace_xfs_reflink_set_inode_flag(dest);
963 xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, dest, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
964 dest->i_d.di_flags2 |= XFS_DIFLAG2_REFLINK;
965 xfs_trans_log_inode(tp, dest, XFS_ILOG_CORE);
966 xfs_ifork_init_cow(dest);
968 xfs_iunlock(dest, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
971 error = xfs_trans_commit(tp);
977 trace_xfs_reflink_set_inode_flag_error(dest, error, _RET_IP_);
982 * Update destination inode size & cowextsize hint, if necessary.
985 xfs_reflink_update_dest(
986 struct xfs_inode *dest,
988 xfs_extlen_t cowextsize,
991 struct xfs_mount *mp = dest->i_mount;
992 struct xfs_trans *tp;
995 if (is_dedupe && newlen <= i_size_read(VFS_I(dest)) && cowextsize == 0)
998 error = xfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_ichange, 0, 0, 0, &tp);
1002 xfs_ilock(dest, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1003 xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, dest, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1005 if (newlen > i_size_read(VFS_I(dest))) {
1006 trace_xfs_reflink_update_inode_size(dest, newlen);
1007 i_size_write(VFS_I(dest), newlen);
1008 dest->i_d.di_size = newlen;
1012 dest->i_d.di_cowextsize = cowextsize;
1013 dest->i_d.di_flags2 |= XFS_DIFLAG2_COWEXTSIZE;
1017 xfs_trans_ichgtime(tp, dest,
1018 XFS_ICHGTIME_MOD | XFS_ICHGTIME_CHG);
1020 xfs_trans_log_inode(tp, dest, XFS_ILOG_CORE);
1022 error = xfs_trans_commit(tp);
1028 trace_xfs_reflink_update_inode_size_error(dest, error, _RET_IP_);
1033 * Do we have enough reserve in this AG to handle a reflink? The refcount
1034 * btree already reserved all the space it needs, but the rmap btree can grow
1035 * infinitely, so we won't allow more reflinks when the AG is down to the
1039 xfs_reflink_ag_has_free_space(
1040 struct xfs_mount *mp,
1041 xfs_agnumber_t agno)
1043 struct xfs_perag *pag;
1046 if (!xfs_sb_version_hasrmapbt(&mp->m_sb))
1049 pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, agno);
1050 if (xfs_ag_resv_critical(pag, XFS_AG_RESV_AGFL) ||
1051 xfs_ag_resv_critical(pag, XFS_AG_RESV_METADATA))
1058 * Unmap a range of blocks from a file, then map other blocks into the hole.
1059 * The range to unmap is (destoff : destoff + srcioff + irec->br_blockcount).
1060 * The extent irec is mapped into dest at irec->br_startoff.
1063 xfs_reflink_remap_extent(
1064 struct xfs_inode *ip,
1065 struct xfs_bmbt_irec *irec,
1066 xfs_fileoff_t destoff,
1067 xfs_off_t new_isize)
1069 struct xfs_mount *mp = ip->i_mount;
1070 bool real_extent = xfs_bmap_is_real_extent(irec);
1071 struct xfs_trans *tp;
1072 xfs_fsblock_t firstfsb;
1073 unsigned int resblks;
1074 struct xfs_defer_ops dfops;
1075 struct xfs_bmbt_irec uirec;
1077 xfs_filblks_t unmap_len;
1081 unmap_len = irec->br_startoff + irec->br_blockcount - destoff;
1082 trace_xfs_reflink_punch_range(ip, destoff, unmap_len);
1084 /* No reflinking if we're low on space */
1086 error = xfs_reflink_ag_has_free_space(mp,
1087 XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, irec->br_startblock));
1092 /* Start a rolling transaction to switch the mappings */
1093 resblks = XFS_EXTENTADD_SPACE_RES(ip->i_mount, XFS_DATA_FORK);
1094 error = xfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_write, resblks, 0, 0, &tp);
1098 xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1099 xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, 0);
1101 /* If we're not just clearing space, then do we have enough quota? */
1103 error = xfs_trans_reserve_quota_nblks(tp, ip,
1104 irec->br_blockcount, 0, XFS_QMOPT_RES_REGBLKS);
1109 trace_xfs_reflink_remap(ip, irec->br_startoff,
1110 irec->br_blockcount, irec->br_startblock);
1112 /* Unmap the old blocks in the data fork. */
1115 xfs_defer_init(&dfops, &firstfsb);
1116 error = __xfs_bunmapi(tp, ip, destoff, &rlen, 0, 1,
1122 * Trim the extent to whatever got unmapped.
1123 * Remember, bunmapi works backwards.
1125 uirec.br_startblock = irec->br_startblock + rlen;
1126 uirec.br_startoff = irec->br_startoff + rlen;
1127 uirec.br_blockcount = unmap_len - rlen;
1130 /* If this isn't a real mapping, we're done. */
1131 if (!real_extent || uirec.br_blockcount == 0)
1134 trace_xfs_reflink_remap(ip, uirec.br_startoff,
1135 uirec.br_blockcount, uirec.br_startblock);
1137 /* Update the refcount tree */
1138 error = xfs_refcount_increase_extent(mp, &dfops, &uirec);
1142 /* Map the new blocks into the data fork. */
1143 error = xfs_bmap_map_extent(mp, &dfops, ip, &uirec);
1147 /* Update quota accounting. */
1148 xfs_trans_mod_dquot_byino(tp, ip, XFS_TRANS_DQ_BCOUNT,
1149 uirec.br_blockcount);
1151 /* Update dest isize if needed. */
1152 newlen = XFS_FSB_TO_B(mp,
1153 uirec.br_startoff + uirec.br_blockcount);
1154 newlen = min_t(xfs_off_t, newlen, new_isize);
1155 if (newlen > i_size_read(VFS_I(ip))) {
1156 trace_xfs_reflink_update_inode_size(ip, newlen);
1157 i_size_write(VFS_I(ip), newlen);
1158 ip->i_d.di_size = newlen;
1159 xfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, XFS_ILOG_CORE);
1163 /* Process all the deferred stuff. */
1164 xfs_defer_ijoin(&dfops, ip);
1165 error = xfs_defer_finish(&tp, &dfops);
1170 error = xfs_trans_commit(tp);
1171 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1177 xfs_defer_cancel(&dfops);
1179 xfs_trans_cancel(tp);
1180 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1182 trace_xfs_reflink_remap_extent_error(ip, error, _RET_IP_);
1187 * Iteratively remap one file's extents (and holes) to another's.
1190 xfs_reflink_remap_blocks(
1191 struct xfs_inode *src,
1192 xfs_fileoff_t srcoff,
1193 struct xfs_inode *dest,
1194 xfs_fileoff_t destoff,
1196 xfs_off_t new_isize)
1198 struct xfs_bmbt_irec imap;
1201 xfs_filblks_t range_len;
1203 /* drange = (destoff, destoff + len); srange = (srcoff, srcoff + len) */
1205 trace_xfs_reflink_remap_blocks_loop(src, srcoff, len,
1207 /* Read extent from the source file */
1209 xfs_ilock(src, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1210 error = xfs_bmapi_read(src, srcoff, len, &imap, &nimaps, 0);
1211 xfs_iunlock(src, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1214 ASSERT(nimaps == 1);
1216 trace_xfs_reflink_remap_imap(src, srcoff, len, XFS_IO_OVERWRITE,
1219 /* Translate imap into the destination file. */
1220 range_len = imap.br_startoff + imap.br_blockcount - srcoff;
1221 imap.br_startoff += destoff - srcoff;
1223 /* Clear dest from destoff to the end of imap and map it in. */
1224 error = xfs_reflink_remap_extent(dest, &imap, destoff,
1229 if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
1234 /* Advance drange/srange */
1235 srcoff += range_len;
1236 destoff += range_len;
1243 trace_xfs_reflink_remap_blocks_error(dest, error, _RET_IP_);
1248 * Link a range of blocks from one file to another.
1251 xfs_reflink_remap_range(
1252 struct file *file_in,
1254 struct file *file_out,
1259 struct inode *inode_in = file_inode(file_in);
1260 struct xfs_inode *src = XFS_I(inode_in);
1261 struct inode *inode_out = file_inode(file_out);
1262 struct xfs_inode *dest = XFS_I(inode_out);
1263 struct xfs_mount *mp = src->i_mount;
1264 bool same_inode = (inode_in == inode_out);
1265 xfs_fileoff_t sfsbno, dfsbno;
1266 xfs_filblks_t fsblen;
1267 xfs_extlen_t cowextsize;
1270 if (!xfs_sb_version_hasreflink(&mp->m_sb))
1273 if (XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp))
1276 /* Lock both files against IO */
1277 lock_two_nondirectories(inode_in, inode_out);
1279 xfs_ilock(src, XFS_MMAPLOCK_EXCL);
1281 xfs_lock_two_inodes(src, dest, XFS_MMAPLOCK_EXCL);
1283 /* Check file eligibility and prepare for block sharing. */
1285 /* Don't reflink realtime inodes */
1286 if (XFS_IS_REALTIME_INODE(src) || XFS_IS_REALTIME_INODE(dest))
1289 /* Don't share DAX file data for now. */
1290 if (IS_DAX(inode_in) || IS_DAX(inode_out))
1293 ret = vfs_clone_file_prep_inodes(inode_in, pos_in, inode_out, pos_out,
1298 trace_xfs_reflink_remap_range(src, pos_in, len, dest, pos_out);
1301 * Clear out post-eof preallocations because we don't have page cache
1302 * backing the delayed allocations and they'll never get freed on
1305 if (xfs_can_free_eofblocks(dest, true)) {
1306 ret = xfs_free_eofblocks(dest);
1311 /* Set flags and remap blocks. */
1312 ret = xfs_reflink_set_inode_flag(src, dest);
1316 dfsbno = XFS_B_TO_FSBT(mp, pos_out);
1317 sfsbno = XFS_B_TO_FSBT(mp, pos_in);
1318 fsblen = XFS_B_TO_FSB(mp, len);
1319 ret = xfs_reflink_remap_blocks(src, sfsbno, dest, dfsbno, fsblen,
1324 /* Zap any page cache for the destination file's range. */
1325 truncate_inode_pages_range(&inode_out->i_data, pos_out,
1326 PAGE_ALIGN(pos_out + len) - 1);
1329 * Carry the cowextsize hint from src to dest if we're sharing the
1330 * entire source file to the entire destination file, the source file
1331 * has a cowextsize hint, and the destination file does not.
1334 if (pos_in == 0 && len == i_size_read(inode_in) &&
1335 (src->i_d.di_flags2 & XFS_DIFLAG2_COWEXTSIZE) &&
1336 pos_out == 0 && len >= i_size_read(inode_out) &&
1337 !(dest->i_d.di_flags2 & XFS_DIFLAG2_COWEXTSIZE))
1338 cowextsize = src->i_d.di_cowextsize;
1340 ret = xfs_reflink_update_dest(dest, pos_out + len, cowextsize,
1344 xfs_iunlock(src, XFS_MMAPLOCK_EXCL);
1346 xfs_iunlock(dest, XFS_MMAPLOCK_EXCL);
1347 unlock_two_nondirectories(inode_in, inode_out);
1349 trace_xfs_reflink_remap_range_error(dest, ret, _RET_IP_);
1354 * The user wants to preemptively CoW all shared blocks in this file,
1355 * which enables us to turn off the reflink flag. Iterate all
1356 * extents which are not prealloc/delalloc to see which ranges are
1357 * mentioned in the refcount tree, then read those blocks into the
1358 * pagecache, dirty them, fsync them back out, and then we can update
1359 * the inode flag. What happens if we run out of memory? :)
1362 xfs_reflink_dirty_extents(
1363 struct xfs_inode *ip,
1368 struct xfs_mount *mp = ip->i_mount;
1369 xfs_agnumber_t agno;
1370 xfs_agblock_t agbno;
1376 struct xfs_bmbt_irec map[2];
1380 while (end - fbno > 0) {
1383 * Look for extents in the file. Skip holes, delalloc, or
1384 * unwritten extents; they can't be reflinked.
1386 error = xfs_bmapi_read(ip, fbno, end - fbno, map, &nmaps, 0);
1391 if (!xfs_bmap_is_real_extent(&map[0]))
1395 while (map[1].br_blockcount) {
1396 agno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, map[1].br_startblock);
1397 agbno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, map[1].br_startblock);
1398 aglen = map[1].br_blockcount;
1400 error = xfs_reflink_find_shared(mp, NULL, agno, agbno,
1401 aglen, &rbno, &rlen, true);
1404 if (rbno == NULLAGBLOCK)
1407 /* Dirty the pages */
1408 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1409 fpos = XFS_FSB_TO_B(mp, map[1].br_startoff +
1411 flen = XFS_FSB_TO_B(mp, rlen);
1412 if (fpos + flen > isize)
1413 flen = isize - fpos;
1414 error = iomap_file_dirty(VFS_I(ip), fpos, flen,
1416 xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1420 map[1].br_blockcount -= (rbno - agbno + rlen);
1421 map[1].br_startoff += (rbno - agbno + rlen);
1422 map[1].br_startblock += (rbno - agbno + rlen);
1426 fbno = map[0].br_startoff + map[0].br_blockcount;
1432 /* Does this inode need the reflink flag? */
1434 xfs_reflink_inode_has_shared_extents(
1435 struct xfs_trans *tp,
1436 struct xfs_inode *ip,
1439 struct xfs_bmbt_irec got;
1440 struct xfs_mount *mp = ip->i_mount;
1441 struct xfs_ifork *ifp;
1442 xfs_agnumber_t agno;
1443 xfs_agblock_t agbno;
1447 struct xfs_iext_cursor icur;
1451 ifp = XFS_IFORK_PTR(ip, XFS_DATA_FORK);
1452 if (!(ifp->if_flags & XFS_IFEXTENTS)) {
1453 error = xfs_iread_extents(tp, ip, XFS_DATA_FORK);
1458 *has_shared = false;
1459 found = xfs_iext_lookup_extent(ip, ifp, 0, &icur, &got);
1461 if (isnullstartblock(got.br_startblock) ||
1462 got.br_state != XFS_EXT_NORM)
1464 agno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGNO(mp, got.br_startblock);
1465 agbno = XFS_FSB_TO_AGBNO(mp, got.br_startblock);
1466 aglen = got.br_blockcount;
1468 error = xfs_reflink_find_shared(mp, tp, agno, agbno, aglen,
1469 &rbno, &rlen, false);
1472 /* Is there still a shared block here? */
1473 if (rbno != NULLAGBLOCK) {
1478 found = xfs_iext_next_extent(ifp, &icur, &got);
1484 /* Clear the inode reflink flag if there are no shared extents. */
1486 xfs_reflink_clear_inode_flag(
1487 struct xfs_inode *ip,
1488 struct xfs_trans **tpp)
1493 ASSERT(xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip));
1495 error = xfs_reflink_inode_has_shared_extents(*tpp, ip, &needs_flag);
1496 if (error || needs_flag)
1500 * We didn't find any shared blocks so turn off the reflink flag.
1501 * First, get rid of any leftover CoW mappings.
1503 error = xfs_reflink_cancel_cow_blocks(ip, tpp, 0, NULLFILEOFF, true);
1507 /* Clear the inode flag. */
1508 trace_xfs_reflink_unset_inode_flag(ip);
1509 ip->i_d.di_flags2 &= ~XFS_DIFLAG2_REFLINK;
1510 xfs_inode_clear_cowblocks_tag(ip);
1511 xfs_trans_ijoin(*tpp, ip, 0);
1512 xfs_trans_log_inode(*tpp, ip, XFS_ILOG_CORE);
1518 * Clear the inode reflink flag if there are no shared extents and the size
1522 xfs_reflink_try_clear_inode_flag(
1523 struct xfs_inode *ip)
1525 struct xfs_mount *mp = ip->i_mount;
1526 struct xfs_trans *tp;
1529 /* Start a rolling transaction to remove the mappings */
1530 error = xfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_write, 0, 0, 0, &tp);
1534 xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1535 xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, 0);
1537 error = xfs_reflink_clear_inode_flag(ip, &tp);
1541 error = xfs_trans_commit(tp);
1545 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1548 xfs_trans_cancel(tp);
1550 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1555 * Pre-COW all shared blocks within a given byte range of a file and turn off
1556 * the reflink flag if we unshare all of the file's blocks.
1559 xfs_reflink_unshare(
1560 struct xfs_inode *ip,
1564 struct xfs_mount *mp = ip->i_mount;
1570 if (!xfs_is_reflink_inode(ip))
1573 trace_xfs_reflink_unshare(ip, offset, len);
1575 inode_dio_wait(VFS_I(ip));
1577 /* Try to CoW the selected ranges */
1578 xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1579 fbno = XFS_B_TO_FSBT(mp, offset);
1580 isize = i_size_read(VFS_I(ip));
1581 end = XFS_B_TO_FSB(mp, offset + len);
1582 error = xfs_reflink_dirty_extents(ip, fbno, end, isize);
1585 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1587 /* Wait for the IO to finish */
1588 error = filemap_write_and_wait(VFS_I(ip)->i_mapping);
1592 /* Turn off the reflink flag if possible. */
1593 error = xfs_reflink_try_clear_inode_flag(ip);
1600 xfs_iunlock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
1602 trace_xfs_reflink_unshare_error(ip, error, _RET_IP_);