\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c Copyright 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998,
-@c 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
+@c 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c
@c %**start of header
Version @value{GDBVN}.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998,@*
- 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995,
-1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@sp 2
Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, @*
This is the @value{EDITION} Edition, for @value{GDBN} Version
@value{GDBVN}.
-Copyright (C) 1988-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@menu
* Summary:: Summary of @value{GDBN}
effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
@end itemize
-You can use @value{GDBN} to debug programs written in C and C++.
+You can use @value{GDBN} to debug programs written in C and C@t{++}.
For more information, see @ref{Support,,Supported languages}.
For more information, see @ref{C,,C and C++}.
He also enhanced the command-completion support to cover C@t{++} overloaded
symbols.
-Renesas America, Ltd. sponsored the support for H8/300, H8/500, and
-Super-H processors.
+Hitachi America (now Renesas America), Ltd. sponsored the support for
+H8/300, H8/500, and Super-H processors.
NEC sponsored the support for the v850, Vr4xxx, and Vr5xxx processors.
-Renesas sponsored the support for D10V, D30V, and M32R/D processors.
+Mitsubishi (now Renesas) sponsored the support for D10V, D30V, and M32R/D
+processors.
Toshiba sponsored the support for the TX39 Mips processor.
If the second argument begins with a decimal digit, @value{GDBN} will
first attempt to attach to it as a process, and if that fails, attempt
to open it as a corefile. If you have a corefile whose name begins with
-a digit, you can prevent @value{GDBN} from treating it as a pid by
+a digit, you can prevent @value{GDBN} from treating it as a pid by
prefixing it with @file{./}, eg. @file{./12345}.
If @value{GDBN} has not been configured to included core file support,
@itemx -c @var{file}
@cindex @code{--core}
@cindex @code{-c}
-Use file @var{file} as a core dump to examine.
+Use file @var{file} as a core dump to examine.
@item -c @var{number}
@item -pid @var{number}
@c resolve the situation of these eventually
@item -tui
@cindex @code{--tui}
-Activate the Terminal User Interface when starting.
+Activate the Terminal User Interface when starting.
The Terminal User Interface manages several text windows on the terminal,
showing source, assembly, registers and @value{GDBN} command outputs
(@pxref{TUI, ,@value{GDBN} Text User Interface}).
the child process (@pxref{Attach}). From that point on you can debug
the child process just like any other process which you attached to.
-On HP-UX (11.x and later only?), @value{GDBN} provides support for
-debugging programs that create additional processes using the
-@code{fork} or @code{vfork} function.
+On some systems, @value{GDBN} provides support for debugging programs that
+create additional processes using the @code{fork} or @code{vfork} functions.
+Currently, the only platforms with this feature are HP-UX (11.x and later
+only?) and GNU/Linux (kernel version 2.5.60 and later).
By default, when a program forks, @value{GDBN} will continue to debug
the parent process and the child process will run unimpeded.
The new process is debugged after a fork. The parent process runs
unimpeded.
-@item ask
-The debugger will ask for one of the above choices.
@end table
@item show follow-fork-mode
Enabled breakpoints are marked with @samp{y}. @samp{n} marks breakpoints
that are not enabled.
@item Address
-Where the breakpoint is in your program, as a memory address.
+Where the breakpoint is in your program, as a memory address. If the
+breakpoint is pending (see below for details) on a future load of a shared library, the address
+will be listed as @samp{<PENDING>}.
@item What
Where the breakpoint is in the source for your program, as a file and
-line number.
+line number. For a pending breakpoint, the original string passed to
+the breakpoint command will be listed as it cannot be resolved until
+the appropriate shared library is loaded in the future.
@end table
@noindent
If a breakpoint is conditional, @code{info break} shows the condition on
the line following the affected breakpoint; breakpoint commands, if any,
-are listed after that.
+are listed after that. A pending breakpoint is allowed to have a condition
+specified for it. The condition is not parsed for validity until a shared
+library is loaded that allows the pending breakpoint to resolve to a
+valid location.
@noindent
@code{info break} with a breakpoint
the breakpoints are conditional, this is even useful
(@pxref{Conditions, ,Break conditions}).
+@cindex pending breakpoints
+If a specified breakpoint location cannot be found, @value{GDBN} will
+prompt you
+as to whether to make the breakpoint pending on a future shared
+library load. This is useful for setting breakpoints at the start of your
+@value{GDBN} session for locations that you know will be dynamically loaded
+later by the program being debugged. When shared libraries are loaded,
+a check is made to see if the load resoloves any pending breakpoint locations.
+If a pending breakpoint location has been resolved,
+a real breakpoint is created and the original pending breakpoint is removed.
+
+@cindex operations allowed on pending breakpoints
+Normal breakpoint operations apply to pending breakpoints as well. You may
+specify a condition for a pending breakpoint and/or commands to run when the
+breakpoint is reached. You can also enable or disable
+the pending breakpoint. When you specify a condition for a pending breakpoint,
+the parsing of the condition will be deferred until the point where the
+pending breakpoint location is resolved. Disabling a pending breakpoint
+tells @value{GDBN} to not attempt to resolve the breakpoint on any subsequent
+shared library load. When a pending breakpoint is re-enabled,
+@value{GDBN} checks to see if the location is already resolved.
+This is done because any number of shared library loads could have
+occurred since the time the breakpoint was disabled and one or more
+of these loads could resolve the location.
+
@cindex negative breakpoint numbers
@cindex internal @value{GDBN} breakpoints
@value{GDBN} itself sometimes sets breakpoints in your program for
@cindex overloading
@cindex symbol overloading
-Some programming languages (notably C@t{++} and Objective-C) permit a
+Some programming languages (notably C@t{++} and Objective-C) permit a
single function name
to be defined several times, for application in different contexts.
This is called @dfn{overloading}. When a function name is overloaded,
internal breakpoints. If you see one of these warnings, you should
verify that a breakpoint set at the adjusted address will have the
desired affect. If not, the breakpoint in question may be removed and
-other breakpoints may be set which will have the desired behavior.
+other breakpoints may be set which will have the desired behavior.
E.g., it may be sufficient to place the breakpoint at a later
instruction. A conditional breakpoint may also be useful in some
cases to prevent the breakpoint from triggering too often.
switching between threads, without worrying that things may change
underfoot.
+@cindex thread breakpoints and system calls
+@cindex system calls and thread breakpoints
+@cindex premature return from system calls
+There is an unfortunate side effect. If one thread stops for a
+breakpoint, or for some other reason, and another thread is blocked in a
+system call, then the system call may return prematurely. This is a
+consequence of the interaction between multiple threads and the signals
+that @value{GDBN} uses to implement breakpoints and other events that
+stop execution.
+
+To handle this problem, your program should check the return value of
+each system call and react appropriately. This is good programming
+style anyways.
+
+For example, do not write code like this:
+
+@smallexample
+ sleep (10);
+@end smallexample
+
+The call to @code{sleep} will return early if a different thread stops
+at a breakpoint or for some other reason.
+
+Instead, write this:
+
+@smallexample
+ int unslept = 10;
+ while (unslept > 0)
+ unslept = sleep (unslept);
+@end smallexample
+
+A system call is allowed to return early, so the system is still
+conforming to its specification. But @value{GDBN} does cause your
+multi-threaded program to behave differently than it would without
+@value{GDBN}.
+
+Also, @value{GDBN} uses internal breakpoints in the thread library to
+monitor certain events such as thread creation and thread destruction.
+When such an event happens, a system call in another thread may return
+prematurely, even though your program does not appear to stop.
+
@cindex continuing threads
@cindex threads, continuing
Conversely, whenever you restart the program, @emph{all} threads start
* Registers:: Registers
* Floating Point Hardware:: Floating point hardware
* Vector Unit:: Vector Unit
+* Auxiliary Vector:: Auxiliary data provided by operating system
* Memory Region Attributes:: Memory region attributes
* Dump/Restore Files:: Copy between memory and a file
* Character Sets:: Debugging programs that use a different
layout vary depending on the hardware.
@end table
+@node Auxiliary Vector
+@section Operating system auxiliary vector
+@cindex auxiliary vector
+@cindex vector, auxiliary
+
+Some operating systems supply an @dfn{auxiliary vector} to programs at
+startup. This is akin to the arguments and environment that you
+specify for a program, but contains a system-dependent variety of
+binary values that tell system libraries important details about the
+hardware, operating system, and process. Each value's purpose is
+identified by an integer tag; the meanings are well-known but system-specific.
+Depending on the configuration and operating system facilities,
+@value{GDBN} may be able to show you this information.
+
+@table @code
+@kindex info auxv
+@item info auxv
+Display the auxiliary vector of the inferior, which can be either a
+live process or a core dump file. @value{GDBN} prints each tag value
+numerically, and also shows names and text descriptions for recognized
+tags. Some values in the vector are numbers, some bit masks, and some
+pointers to strings or other data. @value{GDBN} displays each value in the
+most appropriate form for a recognized tag, and in hexadecimal for
+an unrecognized tag.
+@end table
+
@node Memory Region Attributes
-@section Memory region attributes
+@section Memory region attributes
@cindex memory region attributes
-@dfn{Memory region attributes} allow you to describe special handling
-required by regions of your target's memory. @value{GDBN} uses attributes
+@dfn{Memory region attributes} allow you to describe special handling
+required by regions of your target's memory. @value{GDBN} uses attributes
to determine whether to allow certain types of memory accesses; whether to
use specific width accesses; and whether to cache target memory.
been defined, @value{GDBN} uses the default attributes when accessing
all memory.
-When a memory region is defined, it is given a number to identify it;
+When a memory region is defined, it is given a number to identify it;
to enable, disable, or remove a memory region, you specify that number.
@table @code
@kindex disable mem
@item disable mem @var{nums}@dots{}
Disable memory regions @var{nums}@dots{}.
-A disabled memory region is not forgotten.
+A disabled memory region is not forgotten.
It may be enabled again later.
@kindex enable mem
@table @emph
@item Memory Region Number
@item Enabled or Disabled.
-Enabled memory regions are marked with @samp{y}.
+Enabled memory regions are marked with @samp{y}.
Disabled memory regions are marked with @samp{n}.
@item Lo Address
@subsection Attributes
-@subsubsection Memory Access Mode
+@subsubsection Memory Access Mode
The access mode attributes set whether @value{GDBN} may make read or
write accesses to a memory region.
@c
@c @table @code
@c @item hwbreak
-@c Always use hardware breakpoints
+@c Always use hardware breakpoints
@c @item swbreak (default)
@c @end table
@table @code
@item cache
-Enable @value{GDBN} to cache target memory.
+Enable @value{GDBN} to cache target memory.
@item nocache
Disable @value{GDBN} from caching target memory. This is the default.
@end table
@c @subsubsection Memory Write Verification
-@c The memory write verification attributes set whether @value{GDBN}
+@c The memory write verification attributes set whether @value{GDBN}
@c will re-reads data after each write to verify the write was successful.
@c
@c @table @code
file format, except for raw binary. To restore a raw binary file you
must specify the optional keyword @code{binary} after the filename.
-If @var{bias} is non-zero, its value will be added to the addresses
+If @var{bias} is non-zero, its value will be added to the addresses
contained in the file. Binary files always start at address zero, so
they will be restored at address @var{bias}. Other bfd files have
a built-in location; they will be restored at offset @var{bias}
If @var{start} and/or @var{end} are non-zero, then only data between
file offset @var{start} and file offset @var{end} will be restored.
-These offsets are relative to the addresses in the file, before
+These offsets are relative to the addresses in the file, before
the @var{bias} argument is applied.
@end table
@item show charset
@kindex show charset
-Show the names of the current host and target charsets.
+Show the names of the current host and target charsets.
@itemx show host-charset
@kindex show host-charset
-Show the name of the current host charset.
+Show the name of the current host charset.
@itemx show target-charset
@kindex show target-charset
-Show the name of the current target charset.
+Show the name of the current target charset.
@end table
GNU gdb 2001-12-19-cvs
Copyright 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@dots{}
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
We can use the @code{show charset} command to see what character sets
@smallexample
(gdb) show charset
The current host and target character set is `ISO-8859-1'.
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
For the sake of printing this manual, let's use @sc{ascii} as our
(gdb) set charset ASCII
(gdb) show charset
The current host and target character set is `ASCII'.
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
Let's assume that @sc{ascii} is indeed the correct character set for our
$1 = 0x401698 "Hello, world!\n"
(gdb) print ascii_hello[0]
$2 = 72 'H'
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
@value{GDBN} uses the target character set for character and string
@smallexample
(gdb) print '+'
$3 = 43 '+'
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
The @sc{ascii} character set uses the number 43 to encode the @samp{+}
$4 = 0x4016a8 "\310\205\223\223\226k@@\246\226\231\223\204Z%"
(gdb) print ibm1047_hello[0]
$5 = 200 '\310'
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
If we invoke the @code{set target-charset} followed by @key{TAB}@key{TAB},
@smallexample
(gdb) set target-charset
-ASCII EBCDIC-US IBM1047 ISO-8859-1
-(gdb) set target-charset
+ASCII EBCDIC-US IBM1047 ISO-8859-1
+(gdb) set target-charset
@end smallexample
We can select @sc{ibm1047} as our target character set, and examine the
@smallexample
(gdb) print '+'
$10 = 78 '+'
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
The @sc{ibm1047} character set uses the number 78 to encode the @samp{+}
@node Macros
@chapter C Preprocessor Macros
-Some languages, such as C and C++, provide a way to define and invoke
+Some languages, such as C and C@t{++}, provide a way to define and invoke
``preprocessor macros'' which expand into strings of tokens.
@value{GDBN} can evaluate expressions containing macro invocations, show
the result of macro expansion, and show a macro's definition, including
expands to: (42 + 1)
(gdb) macro expand-once ADD(1)
expands to: once (M + 1)
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
In the example above, note that @command{macro expand-once} expands only
(gdb) break main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048370: file sample.c, line 10.
(gdb) run
-Starting program: /home/jimb/gdb/macros/play/sample
+Starting program: /home/jimb/gdb/macros/play/sample
Breakpoint 1, main () at sample.c:10
10 printf ("Hello, world!\n");
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
At line 10, the definition of the macro @code{N} at line 9 is in force:
expands to: 28 < 42
(gdb) print N Q M
$1 = 1
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
As we step over directives that remove @code{N}'s definition, and then
expands to: 1729 < 42
(gdb) print N Q M
$2 = 0
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
This chapter describes the tracepoint commands and features.
@menu
-* Set Tracepoints::
-* Analyze Collected Data::
-* Tracepoint Variables::
+* Set Tracepoints::
+* Analyze Collected Data::
+* Tracepoint Variables::
@end menu
@node Set Tracepoints
conditions and actions.
@menu
-* Create and Delete Tracepoints::
-* Enable and Disable Tracepoints::
-* Tracepoint Passcounts::
-* Tracepoint Actions::
-* Listing Tracepoints::
-* Starting and Stopping Trace Experiment::
+* Create and Delete Tracepoints::
+* Enable and Disable Tracepoints::
+* Tracepoint Passcounts::
+* Tracepoint Actions::
+* Listing Tracepoints::
+* Starting and Stopping Trace Experiment::
@end menu
@node Create and Delete Tracepoints
Examples:
@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{passcount 5 2} // Stop on the 5th execution of
+(@value{GDBP}) @b{passcount 5 2} // Stop on the 5th execution of
@exdent @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @code{// tracepoint 2}
(@value{GDBP}) @b{passcount 12} // Stop on the 12th execution of the
@smallexample
(gdb) overlay list
-Section .ov.foo.text, loaded at 0x100000 - 0x100034,
+Section .ov.foo.text, loaded at 0x100000 - 0x100034,
mapped at 0x1016 - 0x104a
(gdb) print foo
$6 = @{int (int)@} 0x1016 <foo>
calls this function whenever it has changed the overlay table, this
will enable @value{GDBN} to accurately keep track of which overlays
are in program memory, and update any breakpoints that may be set
-in overlays. This will allow breakpoints to work even if the
+in overlays. This will allow breakpoints to work even if the
overlays are kept in ROM or other non-writable memory while they
are not being executed.
@menu
* C:: C and C@t{++}
-* Objective-C:: Objective-C
+* Objective-C:: Objective-C
* Modula-2:: Modula-2
@end menu
options that are useful for debugging Objective-C code.
@menu
-* Method Names in Commands::
-* The Print Command with Objective-C::
+* Method Names in Commands::
+* The Print Command with Objective-C::
@end menu
@node Method Names in Commands, The Print Command with Objective-C, Objective-C, Objective-C
-[@var{Class} @var{methodName}]
@end smallexample
-where the minus sign is used to indicate an instance method and a plus
-sign (not shown) is used to indicate a class method. The
-class name @var{Class} and method name @var{methoName} are enclosed in
-brackets, similar to the way messages are specified in Objective-C source
-code. For example, to set a breakpoint at the @code{create} instance method of
-class @code{Fruit} in the program currently being debugged, enter:
+where the minus sign is used to indicate an instance method and a
+plus sign (not shown) is used to indicate a class method. The class
+name @var{Class} and method name @var{methodName} are enclosed in
+brackets, similar to the way messages are specified in Objective-C
+source code. For example, to set a breakpoint at the @code{create}
+instance method of class @code{Fruit} in the program currently being
+debugged, enter:
@smallexample
break -[Fruit create]
list +[NSText initialize]
@end smallexample
-In the current version of GDB, the plus or minus sign is required. In
-future versions of GDB, the plus or minus sign will be optional, but you
-can use it to narrow the search. It is also possible to specify just a
-method name:
+In the current version of @value{GDBN}, the plus or minus sign is
+required. In future versions of @value{GDBN}, the plus or minus
+sign will be optional, but you can use it to narrow the search. It
+is also possible to specify just a method name:
@smallexample
break create
@node The Print Command with Objective-C
@subsubsection The Print Command With Objective-C
+@kindex print-object
+@kindex po @r{(@code{print-object})}
-The print command has also been extended to accept methods. For example:
+The print command has also been extended to accept methods. For example:
@smallexample
-print -[object hash]
+print -[@var{object} hash]
@end smallexample
@cindex print an Objective-C object description
-will tell gdb to send the -hash message to object and print the
-result. Also an additional command has been added, @code{print-object}
-or @code{po} for short, which is meant to print the description of an
-object. However, this command may only work with certain Objective-C
-libraries that have a particular hook function, called
-@code{_NSPrintForDebugger} defined.
+@cindex @code{_NSPrintForDebugger}, and printing Objective-C objects
+@noindent
+will tell @value{GDBN} to send the @code{hash} message to @var{object}
+and print the result. Also, an additional command has been added,
+@code{print-object} or @code{po} for short, which is meant to print
+the description of an object. However, this command may only work
+with certain Objective-C libraries that have a particular hook
+function, @code{_NSPrintForDebugger}, defined.
@node Modula-2, , Objective-C, Support
@subsection Modula-2
whose names contain a match for regular expression @var{regexp}.
Thus, @samp{info fun step} finds all functions whose names
include @code{step}; @samp{info fun ^step} finds those whose names
-start with @code{step}. If a function name contains characters
-that conflict with the regular expression language (eg.
+start with @code{step}. If a function name contains characters
+that conflict with the regular expression language (eg.
@samp{operator*()}), they may be quoted with a backslash.
@kindex info variables
(@value{GDBP}) maint info psymtabs dwarf2read
@{ objfile /home/gnu/build/gdb/gdb
((struct objfile *) 0x82e69d0)
- @{ psymtab /home/gnu/src/gdb/dwarf2read.c
+ @{ psymtab /home/gnu/src/gdb/dwarf2read.c
((struct partial_symtab *) 0x8474b10)
readin no
fullname (null)
Breakpoint 1 at 0x814e5da: file /home/gnu/src/gdb/dwarf2read.c,
line 1574.
(@value{GDBP}) maint info symtabs
-@{ objfile /home/gnu/build/gdb/gdb
+@{ objfile /home/gnu/build/gdb/gdb
((struct objfile *) 0x82e69d0)
- @{ symtab /home/gnu/src/gdb/dwarf2read.c
+ @{ symtab /home/gnu/src/gdb/dwarf2read.c
((struct symtab *) 0x86c1f38)
dirname (null)
fullname (null)
debugformat DWARF 2
@}
@}
-(@value{GDBP})
+(@value{GDBP})
@end smallexample
@end table
relocatable files into an already running program; such systems
typically make the requirements above easy to meet. However, it's
important to recognize that many native systems use complex link
-procedures (@code{.linkonce} section factoring and C++ constructor table
+procedures (@code{.linkonce} section factoring and C@t{++} constructor table
assembly, for example) that make the requirements difficult to meet. In
general, one cannot assume that using @code{add-symbol-file} to read a
relocatable object file's symbolic information will have the same effect
@node KOD
@section Kernel Object Display
-
@cindex kernel object display
-@cindex kernel object
@cindex KOD
Some targets support kernel object display. Using this facility,
mutexes and other synchronization objects. Exactly which objects can be
displayed is determined on a per-OS basis.
+@kindex set os
Use the @code{set os} command to set the operating system. This tells
@value{GDBN} which kernel object display module to initialize:
(@value{GDBP}) set os cisco
@end smallexample
+@kindex show os
+The associated command @code{show os} displays the operating system
+set with the @code{set os} command; if no operating system has been
+set, @code{show os} will display an empty string @samp{""}.
+
If @code{set os} succeeds, @value{GDBN} will display some information
about the operating system, and will create a new @code{info} command
which can be used to query the target. The @code{info} command is named
after the operating system:
+@kindex info cisco
@smallexample
(@value{GDBP}) info cisco
List of Cisco Kernel Objects
Further subcommands can be used to query about particular objects known
by the kernel.
-There is currently no way to determine whether a given operating system
-is supported other than to try it.
+There is currently no way to determine whether a given operating
+system is supported other than to try setting it with @kbd{set os
+@var{name}}, where @var{name} is the name of the operating system you
+want to try.
@node Remote Debugging
example, here's how to display the Page Table entry for the page where
the variable @code{i} is stored:
-@smallexample
+@smallexample
@exdent @code{(@value{GDBP}) info dos address-pte __djgpp_base_address + (char *)&i}
@exdent @code{Page Table entry for address 0x11a00d30:}
-@exdent @code{Base=0x02698000 Dirty Acc. Not-Cached Write-Back Usr Read-Write +0xd30}
+@exdent @code{Base=0x02698000 Dirty Acc. Not-Cached Write-Back Usr Read-Write +0xd30}
@end smallexample
@noindent
This command loads symbols from a dll similarly to
add-sym command but without the need to specify a base address.
-@kindex set new-console
+@kindex set new-console
@item set new-console @var{mode}
-If @var{mode} is @code{on} the debuggee will
+If @var{mode} is @code{on} the debuggee will
be started in a new console on next start.
If @var{mode} is @code{off}i, the debuggee will
be started in the same console as the debugger.
@kindex set debugexec
@item set debugexec
-This boolean value adds debug output concerning execute events
+This boolean value adds debug output concerning execute events
seen by the debugger.
@kindex set debugexceptions
@item set debugexceptions
-This boolean value adds debug ouptut concerning exception events
+This boolean value adds debug ouptut concerning exception events
seen by the debugger.
@kindex set debugmemory
@item set debugmemory
-This boolean value adds debug ouptut concerning memory events
+This boolean value adds debug ouptut concerning memory events
seen by the debugger.
@kindex set shell
@item target m32r @var{dev}
Renesas M32R/D ROM monitor.
+@kindex target m32rsdi
+@item target m32rsdi @var{dev}
+Renesas M32R SDI server, connected via parallel port to the board.
+
@end table
@node M68K
@kindex show osabi
One @value{GDBN} configuration can debug binaries for multiple operating
-system targets, either via remote debugging or native emulation.
+system targets, either via remote debugging or native emulation.
@value{GDBN} will autodetect the @dfn{OS ABI} (Operating System ABI) in use,
but you can override its conclusion using the @code{set osabi} command.
One example where this is useful is in debugging of binaries which use
@end smallexample
As a further example, to hook at the begining and end of the @code{echo}
-command, and to add extra text to the beginning and end of the message,
+command, and to add extra text to the beginning and end of the message,
you could define:
@smallexample
The TUI provides a @emph{SingleKey} mode in which it installs a particular
key binding in the readline keymaps to connect single keys to
-some gdb commands.
+some gdb commands.
@table @kbd
@kindex c @r{(SingleKey TUI key)}
communicates with Emacs in terms of line numbers. If you add or
delete lines from the text, the line numbers that @value{GDBN} knows cease
to correspond properly with the code.
-
+
The description given here is for GNU Emacs version 21.3 and a more
detailed description of its interaction with @value{GDBN} is given in
the Emacs manual (@pxref{Debuggers,,, Emacs, The @sc{gnu} Emacs Manual}).
Add directories @var{pathdir} to beginning of search path for source files.
If the @samp{-r} option is used, the search path is reset to the default
-search path. If directories @var{pathdir} are supplied in addition to the
+search path. If directories @var{pathdir} are supplied in addition to the
@samp{-r} option, the search path is first reset and then addition
occurs as normal.
-Multiple directories may be specified, separated by blanks. Specifying
+Multiple directories may be specified, separated by blanks. Specifying
multiple directories in a single command
results in the directories added to the beginning of the
search path in the same order they were presented in the command.
If blanks are needed as
part of a directory name, double-quotes should be used around
the name. In the command output, the path will show up separated
-by the system directory-separator character. The directory-seperator
+by the system directory-separator character. The directory-seperator
character must not be used
in any directory name.
If no directories are specified, the current search path is displayed.
Add directories @var{pathdir} to beginning of search path for object files.
If the @samp{-r} option is used, the search path is reset to the original
-search path that existed at gdb start-up. If directories @var{pathdir} are
-supplied in addition to the
+search path that existed at gdb start-up. If directories @var{pathdir} are
+supplied in addition to the
@samp{-r} option, the search path is first reset and then addition
occurs as normal.
-Multiple directories may be specified, separated by blanks. Specifying
+Multiple directories may be specified, separated by blanks. Specifying
multiple directories in a single command
results in the directories added to the beginning of the
search path in the same order they were presented in the command.
If blanks are needed as
part of a directory name, double-quotes should be used around
the name. In the command output, the path will show up separated
-by the system directory-separator character. The directory-seperator
+by the system directory-separator character. The directory-seperator
character must not be used
in any directory name.
If no directories are specified, the current path is displayed.
@smallexample
(@value{GDBP})
--environment-path
+-environment-path
^done,path="/usr/bin"
(@value{GDBP})
-environment-path /kwikemart/marge/ezannoni/flathead-dev/ppc-eabi/gdb /bin
-file-list-exec-source-file
@end smallexample
-List the line number, the current source file, and the absolute path
+List the line number, the current source file, and the absolute path
to the current source file for the current executable.
@subsubheading @value{GDBN} Command
~Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
~There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for
~ details.
-~This GDB was configured as
+~This GDB was configured as
"--host=sparc-sun-solaris2.5.1 --target=ppc-eabi".
^done
(@value{GDBP})
@end smallexample
Display the local variable names for the current frame. With an
-argument of 0 prints only the names of the variables, with argument of 1
-prints also their values.
+argument of 0 or @code{--no-values}, prints only the names of the variables.
+With argument of 1 or @code{--all-values}, prints also their values. With
+argument of 2 or @code{--simple-values}, prints the name, type and value for
+simple data types and the name and type for arrays, structures and
+unions. In this last case, the idea is that the user can see the
+value of simple data types immediately and he can create variable
+objects for other data types if he wishes to explore their values in
+more detail.
@subsubheading @value{GDBN} Command
-stack-list-locals 0
^done,locals=[name="A",name="B",name="C"]
(@value{GDBP})
--stack-list-locals 1
+-stack-list-locals --all-values
^done,locals=[@{name="A",value="1"@},@{name="B",value="2"@},
- @{name="C",value="3"@}]
+ @{name="C",value="@{1, 2, 3@}"@}]
+-stack-list-locals --simple-values
+^done,locals=[@{name="A",type="int",value="1"@},
+ @{name="B",type="int",value="2"@},@{name="C",type="int [3]"@}]
(@value{GDBP})
@end smallexample
@subsubheading Synopsis
@smallexample
- -var-list-children @var{name}
+ -var-list-children [@var{print-values}] @var{name}
@end smallexample
-Returns a list of the children of the specified variable object:
+Returns a list of the children of the specified variable object. With
+just the variable object name as an argument or with an optional
+preceding argument of 0 or @code{--no-values}, prints only the names of the
+variables. With an optional preceding argument of 1 or @code{--all-values},
+also prints their values.
+
+@subsubheading Example
@smallexample
+(@value{GDBP})
+ -var-list-children n
numchild=@var{n},children=[@{name=@var{name},
numchild=@var{n},type=@var{type}@},@r{(repeats N times)}]
+(@value{GDBP})
+ -var-list-children --all-values n
+ numchild=@var{n},children=[@{name=@var{name},
+ numchild=@var{n},value=@var{value},type=@var{type}@},@r{(repeats N times)}]
@end smallexample
Assigns the value of @var{expression} to the variable object specified
by @var{name}. The object must be @samp{editable}. If the variable's
-value is altered by the assign, the variable will show up in any
+value is altered by the assign, the variable will show up in any
subsequent @code{-var-update} list.
@subsubheading Example
This GDB was configured as "i386-pc-linux-gnu"
^Z^Zpre-prompt
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
^Z^Zprompt
@kbd{quit}
^Z^Zpost-prompt
-$
+$
@end smallexample
Here @samp{quit} is input to @value{GDBN}; the rest is output from
@findex starting
@findex stopping
When the program starts executing due to a @value{GDBN} command such as
-@code{step} or @code{continue},
+@code{step} or @code{continue},
@smallexample
^Z^Zstarting
@end smallexample
-is output. When the program stops,
+is output. When the program stops,
@smallexample
^Z^Zstopped
debugging may prove unreliable.
Quit this debugging session? (y or n) @kbd{n}
Create a core file? (y or n) @kbd{n}
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
Takes an optional parameter that is used as the text of the error or
0x1a57c80: pc=0x01014068 fp=0x0200bddc sp=0x0200bdd6
top=0x0200bdd4 id=@{stack=0x200bddc,code=0x101405c@}
call_lo=0x01014000 call_hi=0x01014001
-(gdb)
+(gdb)
@end smallexample
Takes an optional file parameter.
@smallexample
(gdb) @kbd{maint print reggroups}
- Group Type
- general user
- float user
- all user
- vector user
- system user
- save internal
- restore internal
+ Group Type
+ general user
+ float user
+ all user
+ vector user
+ system user
+ save internal
+ restore internal
@end smallexample
@kindex maint set profile
data in a @file{gmon.out} file, be sure to move it to a safe location.
Configuring with @samp{--enable-profiling} arranges for @value{GDBN} to be
-compiled with the @samp{-pg} compiler option.
+compiled with the @samp{-pg} compiler option.
@end table
characters @samp{$}, @samp{#}, @samp{+} and @samp{-} or with a numeric
value greater than 126 should not be used.
-Some remote systems have used a different run-length encoding mechanism
-loosely refered to as the cisco encoding. Following the @samp{*}
-character are two hex digits that indicate the size of the packet.
-
So:
@smallexample
"@code{0* }"
protocol. A newer @value{GDBN} can tell if a packet is supported based
on that response.
-A stub is required to support the @samp{g}, @samp{G}, @samp{m}, @samp{M},
-@samp{c}, and @samp{s} @var{command}s. All other @var{command}s are
+A stub is required to support the @samp{g}, @samp{G}, @samp{m}, @samp{M},
+@samp{c}, and @samp{s} @var{command}s. All other @var{command}s are
optional.
@node Packets
Reserved for future use.
-@item @code{H}@var{c}@var{t@dots{}} --- set thread
+@item @code{H}@var{c}@var{t@dots{}} --- set thread
@cindex @code{H} packet
Set thread for subsequent operations (@samp{m}, @samp{M}, @samp{g},
Reply:
@xref{Stop Reply Packets}, for the reply specifications.
-@item @code{t}@var{addr}@code{:}@var{PP}@code{,}@var{MM} --- search
+@item @code{t}@var{addr}@code{:}@var{PP}@code{,}@var{MM} --- search
@cindex @code{t} packet
Search backwards starting at address @var{addr} for a match with pattern
The process terminated with signal @var{AA}.
-@item N@var{AA};@var{t@dots{}};@var{d@dots{}};@var{b@dots{}} @strong{(obsolete)}
-
-@var{AA} = signal number; @var{t@dots{}} = address of symbol
-@code{_start}; @var{d@dots{}} = base of data section; @var{b@dots{}} =
-base of bss section. @emph{Note: only used by Cisco Systems targets.
-The difference between this reply and the @samp{qOffsets} query is that
-the @samp{N} packet may arrive spontaneously whereas the @samp{qOffsets}
-is a query initiated by the host debugger.}
-
@item O@var{XX@dots{}}
@var{XX@dots{}} is hex encoding of @sc{ascii} data. This can happen at
@menu
* File-I/O Overview::
* Protocol basics::
-* The `F' request packet::
-* The `F' reply packet::
+* The F request packet::
+* The F reply packet::
* Memory transfer::
* The Ctrl-C message::
* Console I/O::
The File-I/O protocol uses the @code{F} packet, as request as well
as as reply packet. Since a File-I/O system call can only occur when
-@value{GDBN} is waiting for the continuing or stepping target, the
+@value{GDBN} is waiting for the continuing or stepping target, the
File-I/O request is a reply that @value{GDBN} has to expect as a result
of a former @samp{C}, @samp{c}, @samp{S} or @samp{s} packet.
This @code{F} packet contains all information needed to allow @value{GDBN}
to call the appropriate host system call:
@itemize @bullet
-@item
+@item
A unique identifier for the requested system call.
@item
All parameters to the system call. Pointers are given as addresses
in the target memory address space. Pointers to strings are given as
-pointer/length pair. Numerical values are given as they are.
+pointer/length pair. Numerical values are given as they are.
Numerical control values are given in a protocol specific representation.
@end itemize
At that point @value{GDBN} has to perform the following actions.
@itemize @bullet
-@item
+@item
If parameter pointer values are given, which point to data needed as input
to a system call, @value{GDBN} requests this data from the target with a
standard @code{m} packet request. This additional communication has to be
After having done the needed type and value coercion, the target continues
the latest continue or step action.
-@node The `F' request packet
+@node The F request packet
@subsection The @code{F} request packet
@cindex file-i/o request packet
@cindex @code{F} request packet
@var{parameter@dots{}} are the parameters to the system call.
-@end table
+@end table
Parameters are hexadecimal integer values, either the real values in case
of scalar datatypes, as pointers to target buffer space in case of compound
from its predecessor by a comma. All values are transmitted in ASCII
string representation, pointer/length pairs separated by a slash.
-@node The `F' reply packet
+@node The F reply packet
@subsection The @code{F} reply packet
@cindex file-i/o reply packet
@cindex @code{F} reply packet
gotten a break message. The meaning for the target is ``system call
interupted by @code{SIGINT}''. Consequentially, the target should actually stop
(as with a break message) and return to @value{GDBN} with a @code{T02}
-packet. In this case, it's important for the target to know, in which
+packet. In this case, it's important for the target to know, in which
state the system call was interrupted. Since this action is by design
not an atomic operation, we have to differ between two cases:
entirely of the exit status of the called command.
Due to security concerns, the @code{system} call is refused to be called
-by @value{GDBN} by default. The user has to allow this call explicitly by
+by @value{GDBN} by default. The user has to allow this call explicitly by
entering
@table @samp
int open(const char *pathname, int flags);
int open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Fopen,pathptr/len,flags,mode
@end smallexample
@code{flags} is the bitwise or of the following values:
@table @code
-@item O_CREAT
+@item O_CREAT
If the file does not exist it will be created. The host
rules apply as far as file ownership and time stamps
are concerned.
-@item O_EXCL
+@item O_EXCL
When used with O_CREAT, if the file already exists it is
an error and open() fails.
-@item O_TRUNC
+@item O_TRUNC
If the file already exists and the open mode allows
writing (O_RDWR or O_WRONLY is given) it will be
truncated to length 0.
-@item O_APPEND
+@item O_APPEND
The file is opened in append mode.
-@item O_RDONLY
+@item O_RDONLY
The file is opened for reading only.
-@item O_WRONLY
+@item O_WRONLY
The file is opened for writing only.
-@item O_RDWR
+@item O_RDWR
The file is opened for reading and writing.
@noindent
@code{mode} is the bitwise or of the following values:
@table @code
-@item S_IRUSR
+@item S_IRUSR
User has read permission.
-@item S_IWUSR
+@item S_IWUSR
User has write permission.
-@item S_IRGRP
+@item S_IRGRP
Group has read permission.
-@item S_IWGRP
+@item S_IWGRP
Group has write permission.
-@item S_IROTH
+@item S_IROTH
Others have read permission.
-@item S_IWOTH
+@item S_IWOTH
Others have write permission.
@noindent
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EEXIST
+@item EEXIST
pathname already exists and O_CREAT and O_EXCL were used.
-@item EISDIR
+@item EISDIR
pathname refers to a directory.
-@item EACCES
+@item EACCES
The requested access is not allowed.
@item ENAMETOOLONG
pathname was too long.
-@item ENOENT
+@item ENOENT
A directory component in pathname does not exist.
-@item ENODEV
+@item ENODEV
pathname refers to a device, pipe, named pipe or socket.
-@item EROFS
+@item EROFS
pathname refers to a file on a read-only filesystem and
write access was requested.
-@item EFAULT
+@item EFAULT
pathname is an invalid pointer value.
-@item ENOSPC
+@item ENOSPC
No space on device to create the file.
-@item EMFILE
+@item EMFILE
The process already has the maximum number of files open.
-@item ENFILE
+@item ENFILE
The limit on the total number of files open on the system
has been reached.
-@item EINTR
+@item EINTR
The call was interrupted by the user.
@end table
@cindex close, file-i/o system call
@smallexample
-@exdent Synopsis:
+@exdent Synopsis:
int close(int fd);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Fclose,fd
@exdent Return value:
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EBADF
+@item EBADF
fd isn't a valid open file descriptor.
-@item EINTR
+@item EINTR
The call was interrupted by the user.
@end table
@cindex read, file-i/o system call
@smallexample
-@exdent Synopsis:
+@exdent Synopsis:
int read(int fd, void *buf, unsigned int count);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Fread,fd,bufptr,count
@exdent Return value:
On success, the number of bytes read is returned.
Zero indicates end of file. If count is zero, read
-returns zero as well. On error, -1 is returned.
+returns zero as well. On error, -1 is returned.
@exdent Errors:
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EBADF
+@item EBADF
fd is not a valid file descriptor or is not open for
reading.
-@item EFAULT
+@item EFAULT
buf is an invalid pointer value.
-@item EINTR
+@item EINTR
The call was interrupted by the user.
@end table
@cindex write, file-i/o system call
@smallexample
-@exdent Synopsis:
+@exdent Synopsis:
int write(int fd, const void *buf, unsigned int count);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Fwrite,fd,bufptr,count
@exdent Return value:
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EBADF
+@item EBADF
fd is not a valid file descriptor or is not open for
writing.
-@item EFAULT
+@item EFAULT
buf is an invalid pointer value.
-@item EFBIG
+@item EFBIG
An attempt was made to write a file that exceeds the
host specific maximum file size allowed.
-@item ENOSPC
+@item ENOSPC
No space on device to write the data.
-@item EINTR
+@item EINTR
The call was interrupted by the user.
@end table
@cindex lseek, file-i/o system call
@smallexample
-@exdent Synopsis:
+@exdent Synopsis:
long lseek (int fd, long offset, int flag);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Flseek,fd,offset,flag
@end smallexample
@code{flag} is one of:
@table @code
-@item SEEK_SET
+@item SEEK_SET
The offset is set to offset bytes.
-@item SEEK_CUR
+@item SEEK_CUR
The offset is set to its current location plus offset
bytes.
-@item SEEK_END
+@item SEEK_END
The offset is set to the size of the file plus offset
bytes.
@end table
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EBADF
+@item EBADF
fd is not a valid open file descriptor.
-@item ESPIPE
+@item ESPIPE
fd is associated with the @value{GDBN} console.
-@item EINVAL
+@item EINVAL
flag is not a proper value.
-@item EINTR
+@item EINTR
The call was interrupted by the user.
@end table
@cindex rename, file-i/o system call
@smallexample
-@exdent Synopsis:
+@exdent Synopsis:
int rename(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Frename,oldpathptr/len,newpathptr/len
@exdent Return value:
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EISDIR
+@item EISDIR
newpath is an existing directory, but oldpath is not a
directory.
-@item EEXIST
+@item EEXIST
newpath is a non-empty directory.
-@item EBUSY
+@item EBUSY
oldpath or newpath is a directory that is in use by some
process.
-@item EINVAL
+@item EINVAL
An attempt was made to make a directory a subdirectory
of itself.
-@item ENOTDIR
+@item ENOTDIR
A component used as a directory in oldpath or new
path is not a directory. Or oldpath is a directory
and newpath exists but is not a directory.
-@item EFAULT
+@item EFAULT
oldpathptr or newpathptr are invalid pointer values.
-@item EACCES
+@item EACCES
No access to the file or the path of the file.
@item ENAMETOOLONG
-
+
oldpath or newpath was too long.
-@item ENOENT
+@item ENOENT
A directory component in oldpath or newpath does not exist.
-@item EROFS
+@item EROFS
The file is on a read-only filesystem.
-@item ENOSPC
+@item ENOSPC
The device containing the file has no room for the new
directory entry.
-@item EINTR
+@item EINTR
The call was interrupted by the user.
@end table
@cindex unlink, file-i/o system call
@smallexample
-@exdent Synopsis:
+@exdent Synopsis:
int unlink(const char *pathname);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Funlink,pathnameptr/len
@exdent Return value:
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EACCES
+@item EACCES
No access to the file or the path of the file.
-@item EPERM
+@item EPERM
The system does not allow unlinking of directories.
-@item EBUSY
+@item EBUSY
The file pathname cannot be unlinked because it's
being used by another process.
-@item EFAULT
+@item EFAULT
pathnameptr is an invalid pointer value.
@item ENAMETOOLONG
pathname was too long.
-@item ENOENT
+@item ENOENT
A directory component in pathname does not exist.
-@item ENOTDIR
+@item ENOTDIR
A component of the path is not a directory.
-@item EROFS
+@item EROFS
The file is on a read-only filesystem.
-@item EINTR
+@item EINTR
The call was interrupted by the user.
@end table
@cindex stat, file-i/o system call
@smallexample
-@exdent Synopsis:
+@exdent Synopsis:
int stat(const char *pathname, struct stat *buf);
int fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Fstat,pathnameptr/len,bufptr
Ffstat,fd,bufptr
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EBADF
+@item EBADF
fd is not a valid open file.
-@item ENOENT
+@item ENOENT
A directory component in pathname does not exist or the
path is an empty string.
-@item ENOTDIR
+@item ENOTDIR
A component of the path is not a directory.
-@item EFAULT
+@item EFAULT
pathnameptr is an invalid pointer value.
-@item EACCES
+@item EACCES
No access to the file or the path of the file.
@item ENAMETOOLONG
pathname was too long.
-@item EINTR
+@item EINTR
The call was interrupted by the user.
@end table
@cindex gettimeofday, file-i/o system call
@smallexample
-@exdent Synopsis:
+@exdent Synopsis:
int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Fgettimeofday,tvptr,tzptr
@exdent Return value:
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EINVAL
+@item EINVAL
tz is a non-NULL pointer.
-@item EFAULT
+@item EFAULT
tvptr and/or tzptr is an invalid pointer value.
@end table
@cindex isatty, file-i/o system call
@smallexample
-@exdent Synopsis:
+@exdent Synopsis:
int isatty(int fd);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Fisatty,fd
@exdent Return value:
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EINTR
+@item EINTR
The call was interrupted by the user.
@end table
@cindex system, file-i/o system call
@smallexample
-@exdent Synopsis:
+@exdent Synopsis:
int system(const char *command);
-@exdent Request:
+@exdent Request:
Fsystem,commandptr/len
@exdent Return value:
@end smallexample
@table @code
-@item EINTR
+@item EINTR
The call was interrupted by the user.
@end table
@code{Int}, @code{unsigned int}, @code{mode_t} and @code{time_t} are
implemented as 32 bit values in this protocol.
-@code{Long} and @code{unsigned long} are implemented as 64 bit types.
-
+@code{Long} and @code{unsigned long} are implemented as 64 bit types.
+
@xref{Limits}, for corresponding MIN and MAX values (similar to those
in @file{limits.h}) to allow range checking on host and target.
is defined as follows:
@smallexample
-struct timeval @{
+struct timeval @{
time_t tv_sec; /* second */
long tv_usec; /* microsecond */
@};
projects / binutils.git / blobdiff