-.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation
+.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 1996 Free Software Foundation
.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
.TH ld 1 "17 August 1992" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools"
.de BP
.I input-format\c
\&\|]
.RB "[\|" \-Bstatic "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-Bdynamic "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-Bsymbolic "\|]"
.RB "[\|" "\-c\ "\c
.I commandfile\c
\&\|]
.RB "[\|" "\-e\ "\c
.I entry\c
\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" \-embedded\-relocs "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-E "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-export\-dynamic "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-F "\|]"
.RB "[\|" "\-F\ "\c
.I format\c
.I input-format\c
\&\|]
.RB "[\|" \-g "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" \-G\c
+.RB "[\|" \-G
.I size\c
\&\|]
.RB "[\|" \-\-help "\|]"
.I searchdir\c
\&\|]
.RB "[\|" \-M "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" \-Map\c
+.RB "[\|" \-Map
.I mapfile\c
\&\|]
-.RB "[\|" \-m\c
+.RB "[\|" \-m
.I emulation\c
\&\|]
.RB "[\|" \-n | \-N "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-noinhibit-exec "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-no\-keep\-memory "\|]"
.RB "[\|" "\-oformat\ "\c
.I output-format\c
\&\|]
\&\|]
.RB "[\|" \-relax "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-r | \-Ur "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" "\-rpath\ "\c
+.I directory\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" "\-rpath\-link\ "\c
+.I directory\c
+\&\|]
.RB "[\|" \-S "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-s "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-shared "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-sort\-common "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" "\-split\-by\-reloc\ "\c
+.I count\c
+\&\|]
+.RB "[\|" \-split\-by\-file "\|]"
.RB "[\|" "\-T\ "\c
.I commandfile\c
\&\|]
\&]
.RB "[\|" \-V "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-v "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-verbose "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-\-version "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-warn\-common "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-warn\-constructors "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-warn\-multiple\-gp "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-warn\-once "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-whole\-archive "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-no\-whole\-archive "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" "\-\-wrap\ "\c
+.I symbol\c
+\&\|]
.RB "[\|" \-X "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-x "\|]"
.ad b
option that requires them.
.TP
-.BI "-A" "architecture"\c
-\&
+.BI "-A" "architecture"
In the current release of \c
.B ld\c
\&, this option is useful only for the
\& more than once on a command line, if
an architecture family allows combination of target architectures; each
use will add another pair of name variants to search for when \c
-.B \-l\c
-\&
+.B \-l
specifies a library.
.TP
-.BI "\-b " "input-format"\c
-\&
+.BI "\-b " "input-format"
Specify the binary format for input object files that follow this option
on the command line. You don't usually need to specify this, as
\c
.TP
.B \-Bstatic
-This flag is accepted for command-line compatibility with the SunOS linker,
-but has no effect on \c
-.B ld\c
-\&.
+Do not link against shared libraries. This is only meaningful on
+platforms for which shared libraries are supported.
.TP
-.BI "\-c " "commandfile"\c
-\&
+.B \-Bdynamic
+Link against dynamic libraries. This is only meaningful on platforms
+for which shared libraries are supported. This option is normally the
+default on such platforms.
+
+.TP
+.B \-Bsymbolic
+When creating a shared library, bind references to global symbols to
+the definition within the shared library, if any. Normally, it is
+possible for a program linked against a shared library to override the
+definition within the shared library. This option is only meaningful
+on ELF platforms which support shared libraries.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-c " "commandfile"
Directs \c
.B ld\c
\& to read link commands from the file
.B \-dp
These three options are equivalent; multiple forms are supported for
compatibility with other linkers. Use any of them to make \c
-.B ld\c
-\&
+.B ld
assign space to common symbols even if a relocatable output file is
specified (\c
.B \-r\c
\& has the same effect.
.TP
-.BI "-defsym " "symbol"\c
-\& = \c
-.I expression\c
-\&
+.BI "-defsym " "symbol" "\fR = \fP" expression
Create a global symbol in the output file, containing the absolute
address given by \c
.I expression\c
discussion of defaults and other ways of specifying the
entry point.
+.TP
+.B \-embedded\-relocs
+This option is only meaningful when linking MIPS embedded PIC code,
+generated by the
+.B \-membedded\-pic
+option to the GNU compiler and assembler. It causes the linker to
+create a table which may be used at runtime to relocate any data which
+was statically initialized to pointer values. See the code in
+testsuite/ld-empic for details.
+
+.TP
+.B \-E
+.TP
+.B \-export\-dynamic
+When creating an ELF file, add all symbols to the dynamic symbol table.
+Normally, the dynamic symbol table contains only symbols which are used
+by a dynamic object. This option is needed for some uses of
+.I dlopen.
+
.TP
.B \-F
.TP
-.BI "-F" "format"\c
-\&
+.BI "-F" "format"
Some older linkers used this option throughout a compilation toolchain
for specifying object-file format for both input and output object
files. \c
with scripts written to call the old linker.
.TP
-.BI "\-format " "input\-format"\c
-\&
+.BI "\-format " "input\-format"
Synonym for \c
.B \-b\c
\& \c
.I ar\c
\&.a\c
\& for every \c
-.I ar\c
-\&
+.I ar
specified.
.TP
-.BI "\-L" "searchdir"\c
-\&
+.BI "\-L" "searchdir"
This command adds path \c
.I searchdir\c
\& to the list of paths that
\& is using, and in
some cases also on how it was configured. The
paths can also be specified in a link script with the \c
-.B SEARCH_DIR\c
-\&
+.B SEARCH_DIR
command.
.TP
Emulate the
.I emulation
linker. You can list the available emulations with the
+.I \-\-verbose
+or
.I \-V
-option. This option overrides the compiled-in default, which is the
+options. This option overrides the compiled-in default, which is the
system for which you configured
.BR ld .
you wish the output file retained even after non-fatal errors.
.TP
-.BI "\-o " "output"\c
-\&
-.I output\c
-\&
-\c
+.B \-no\-keep\-memory
+The linker normally optimizes for speed over memory usage by caching
+the symbol tables of input files in memory. This option tells the
+linker to instead optimize for memory usage, by rereading the symbol
+tables as necessary. This may be required if the linker runs out of
+memory space while linking a large executable.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-o " "output"
.I output\c
\& is a name for the program produced by \c
.B ld\c
\& can also specify the output file name.
.TP
-.BI "\-oformat " "output\-format"\c
-\&
+.BI "\-oformat " "output\-format"
Specify the binary format for the output object file.
You don't usually need to specify this, as
\c
can also specify the output format, but this option overrides it.
.TP
-.BI "\-R " "filename"\c
-\&
-.I file\c
-\&
+.BI "\-R " "filename"
Read symbol names and their addresses from \c
.I filename\c
\&, but do not
.B \-i\c
\&.
+.TP
+.B \-rpath\ \fIdirectory
+Add a directory to the runtime library search path. This is used when
+linking an ELF executable with shared objects. All
+.B \-rpath
+arguments are concatenated and passed to the runtime linker, which uses
+them to locate shared objects at runtime. The
+.B \-rpath
+option is also used when locating shared objects which are needed by
+shared objects explicitly included in the link; see the description of
+the
+.B \-rpath\-link
+option. If
+.B \-rpath
+is not used when linking an ELF executable, the contents of the
+environment variable
+.B LD_RUN_PATH
+will be used if it is defined.
+
+The
+.B \-rpath
+option may also be used on SunOS. By default, on SunOS, the linker
+will form a runtime search patch out of all the
+.B \-L
+options it is given. If a
+.B \-rpath
+option is used, the runtime search path will be formed exclusively
+using the
+.B \-rpath
+options, ignoring
+the
+.B \-L
+options. This can be useful when using gcc, which adds many
+.B \-L
+options which may be on NFS mounted filesystems.
+
+.TP
+.B \-rpath\-link\ \fIdirectory
+When using ELF or SunOS, one shared library may require another. This
+happens when an
+.B ld\ \-shared
+link includes a shared library as one of the input files.
+
+When the linker encounters such a dependency when doing a non-shared,
+non-relocateable link, it will automatically try to locate the required
+shared library and include it in the link, if it is not included
+explicitly. In such a case, the
+.B \-rpath\-link
+option specifies the first set of directories to search. The
+.B \-rpath\-link
+option may specify a sequence of directory names either by specifying
+a list of names separated by colons, or by appearing multiple times.
+
+If the required shared library is not found, the linker will issue a
+warning and continue with the link.
+
.TP
.B \-S
Omits debugger symbol information (but not all symbols) from the output file.
.B \-s
Omits all symbol information from the output file.
+.TP
+.B \-shared
+Create a shared library. This is currently only supported on ELF and
+SunOS platforms (on SunOS it is not required, as the linker will
+automatically create a shared library when there are undefined symbols
+and the
+.B \-e
+option is not used).
+
.TP
.B \-sort\-common
Normally, when
places the global common symbols in the appropriate output sections,
it sorts them by size. First come all the one byte symbols, then all
the two bytes, then all the four bytes, and then everything else.
-This option disables that sorting.
+This is to prevent gaps between symbols due to
+alignment constraints. This option disables that sorting.
+
+.TP
+.B \-split\-by\-reloc\ \fIcount
+Trys to creates extra sections in the output file so that no single
+output section in the file contains more than
+.I count
+relocations.
+This is useful when generating huge relocatable for downloading into
+certain real time kernels with the COFF object file format; since COFF
+cannot represent more than 65535 relocations in a single section.
+Note that this will fail to work with object file formats which do not
+support arbitrary sections. The linker will not split up individual
+input sections for redistribution, so if a single input section
+contains more than
+.I count
+relocations one output section will contain that many relocations.
+
+.TP
+.B \-split\-by\-file
+Similar to
+.B \-split\-by\-reloc
+but creates a new output section for each input file.
.TP
.BI "\-Tbss " "org"\c
\& must be a hexadecimal integer.
.TP
-.BI "\-T " "commandfile"\c
-\&
-.TP
-.BI "\-T" "commandfile"\c
+.BI "\-T " "commandfile"
Equivalent to \c
.B \-c \c
.I commandfile\c
turn serve as input to \c
.B ld\c
\&. When linking C++ programs, \c
-.B \-Ur\c
-\&
-\c
+.B \-Ur
.I will\c
\& resolve references to constructors, unlike \c
.B \-r\c
\&.
.TP
-.B \-V
+.B \-\-verbose
Display the version number for \c
.B ld
and list the supported emulations.
Display which input files can and can not be opened.
.TP
-.B \-v
+.B \-v, \-V
Display the version number for \c
.B ld\c
\&.
+The
+.B \-V
+option also lists the supported emulations.
.TP
.B \-\-version
but linkers on some other operating systems do not. This option allows
you to find potential problems from combining global symbols.
+.TP
+.B \-warn\-constructors
+Warn if any global constructors are used. This is only useful for a
+few object file formats. For formats like COFF or ELF, the linker can
+not detect the use of global constructors.
+
+.TP
+.B \-warn\-multiple\-gp
+Warn if the output file requires multiple global-pointer values. This
+option is only meaningful for certain processors, such as the Alpha.
+
+.TP
+.B \-warn\-once
+Only warn once for each undefined symbol, rather than once per module
+which refers to it.
+
+.TP
+.B \-\-whole\-archive
+For each archive mentioned on the command line after the
+.B \-\-whole\-archive
+option, include every object file in the archive in the link, rather
+than searching the archive for the required object files. This is
+normally used to turn an archive file into a shared library, forcing
+every object to be included in the resulting shared library.
+
+.TP
+.B \-\-no\-whole\-archive
+Turn off the effect of the
+.B \-\-whole\-archive
+option for archives which appear later on the command line.
+
+.TP
+.BI "--wrap " "symbol"
+Use a wrapper function for
+.I symbol.
+Any undefined reference to
+.I symbol
+will be resolved to
+.BI "__wrap_" "symbol".
+Any undefined reference to
+.BI "__real_" "symbol"
+will be resolved to
+.I symbol.
+
.TP
.B \-X
-If \c
-.B \-s\c
-\& or \c
-.B \-S\c
-\& is also specified, delete only local symbols
-beginning with `\|\c
+Delete all temporary local symbols. For most targets, this is all local
+symbols whose names begin with `\|\c
.B L\c
\|'.
.TP
.B \-x
-If \c
-.B \-s\c
-\& or \c
-.B \-S\c
-\& is also specified, delete all local symbols,
-not just those beginning with `\|\c
-.B L\c
-\|'.
+Delete all local symbols.
.PP
projects / binutils.git / blobdiff